1how is the category of schizophrenia defined?
a set of disorders involving disorted perception of reality and impairment in cognition.
2schizophrenia involves disturbances in content of thought and ____ of thought?
form
3define delusion
a deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with the person's intelligence or cultural background
4which delusion involves grossly exagerated conception of one's own importance?
grandeur
5a man believing his actions are being forced by a radio is an example of
control delusion
6what is delusion of reference
the beief that the behavior of others or certain objects are personally referring to oneself
7which delusion involves the belief that others are trying to harm the individual or their social group
persecution
8define self-blame delusions
feelings of remorse or responsibility for bad events without any justification
9a woman believing that ants have invaded her head and are eating her brain is an example of
somatic delusions
10what is an infidelity delusion
a false belief involving pathological jealousy and the notion that one's lover is being unfaithful
11define thought broadcasting
the idea that one's thoughts are being transmitted to others, such as over tv or radio
12the belief that outside forces are placing thoughts into one's mind is known as
thought inversion
13what are hallucinations
false perceptions that do not correspond to objective stimuli in the enviroment
14language that is incomprehensible and incoherent in schizophrenia is called
disorganized speech
15what is loosening of associations
a thought process underlying disorganized speeched characterized by vague, unfocused, and illogical flow of thoughts
16what are neologisms
new words created by an individual with schizophrenia
17define inappropriate affect
emotional expressiveness that fails to correspond to the context of what is being discussed
18what is paranoia in the context of psychotic disorders
the irrational belief or perception that others wish to cause one harm
19in schizophrenia what is the active phase
the period during which the symptoms of the disorder are most prominent
20what is the difference between negative and positive sympotoms of schizophrenia
negative symptoms involve functioning below normal behavior levels
positive symptoms involve exaggerations or distortions of normal thoughts and emotions
21what is restricted affect
a narrowing of the range of outward expressions of emotions
22what is avolition
a lack of initiative involving either not wanting to take action or lacking the energy and will to do so
23define asociality
a lack of interest in social relationships
24Bleuler's 4 A's consist of association, affect, ambivalence and ___
autism
25in Bleuler's 4 A's what does association refer to
thought disorder
26in Bleuler's 4 A's what does ambivalence refer to
the inability to make or follow through on decisions
27in Bleuler's 4 A's what does autism refer to
withdrawal from reality
28what is the first rank symptom
a symptom that is truly defining or key in the diagnosis of schizophrenia
29what is the estimated lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia
1%
30define breif psychotic disorder
a diagnosis used when psychotic symptoms last more than a day but recover in less than a month
31how does schizophreniform differ from schizophrenia
symptoms are the same but last 1-6 months in schizophreniform
32what is schizoaffective disorder
a disorder involving schizophrenia symptoms along with majer depressive, manic, or mixed episodes
33to be diagnsed with schizoaffective disorder an indivdual must have delusions/hallucinations as their ONLY symptoms for at least _____
two weeks
34what is the main characteristic of delusionsal disorders
the only symptoms are delusions that have lasted for at least 1 month
35define the erotomanic type of delusional disorder
individuals falsely believe that another person is in love with them
36what is shared psychotic disorder
one or more people develop a delusional system from a close relationship with a psychotic, delusional person
37what is the biological theory of vulnerability in schizophrenia
the idea that biologically predisposed individuals only develop the disorder when certain enviromental conditions are present
38what does the neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggest about schizophrenia
the disorder arises in adolescence or early adulthood due to genetic alterations in brain maturation
39what is the general term for medications used to treat schizophrenia
neuroleptics or antipsychotics
40what is tardive dyskinesia
a medication side effect involving involuntary movements of the mouth, arms, and trunk
41what is the main goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp)
to reduce distress and preoccupation with symptoms rather than eliminating hallucinations or delusions
42what is downward drift
a progression where the disorder drives individuals into poverty by interfering with their ability to work
43what is assetive community treatment (ACT)
a team-based sociocultural treatment where professionals reach out to clients in the community
44what is dysphoria
an ususually elevated sad mood
45what is the difference between major depressive disorder (MDD) and major depressive episode
major depressive disorder involves acute time-limited periods called major depressive episodes
46what is the minimum duration for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode
2 weeks
47according to MDD criteria how many sympotms must be present during the 2 week period
at least 5/9 symptoms
48what is the lifetime prevelance of MDD in the u.s. adult population
16.6%
49what is persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
a chronic depressive disorder of less intensity than MDD lasting at least 2 years
50what is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
a depressive disorder in children involving chronic severe inrritability and frequent temper outbursts
51in DMDD how often must temer outburts occur to meet diagnosis criteria
3 or more times per week
52define premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
mood changes, irritability, and anxirty during the premenstrual phase that subsides after the period begins
53what is a manic episode
a period of euphoric mood involving abnormally heightened levels of thinking, behavior, and emotionality
54what is euphoria
a feeling state that is more cheerful and elated than average possibly ecstatic
55what is the minimum duration for a manic episode
1 week
56what characterizes bipolar 1 disorder
one or more manic episodes with possibly major deprssive episodes
57what characterizes bipolar 2 disorder
one or more major depressive eppisodes and at least one hypomanic episode
58what is the traditional biological treatment for bipolar disorder
lithium carbonate
59what are pharmacogenetics
the use of genetic testing to determine who will improve with a particular medication
60define circadian rhythms
daily variations regulating biological patterns such as sleep-waking cycles
61what is selective abstraction
taking seriosuly only events that reresent failures, deprivation, loss, or frustration
62what are the three cognitive comonents of the cognitive triad
disorted views of the self, the world, and the future
63what is dichotomous thinking
seeing everything as either one extreme or another rather than as mixed or inbetween
64what is interpersonal therapy (IPT)
a time-limited psychotherapy for MDD based on the idea that interpersonal stress induces depression in vulnerable individuals
65what is interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)
a treatment for bipolar disorder that focuses on stabilizing daily routines and interpersonal relationships
66which extreme feeling characterizes suicide victims
hopelessness
67how does positive psychology contibute to suicide research
provides a framework for understanding why high-risk indivduals might not commit instead of fousing on why they do
68according to 2020 CDC data what is the leading cause of death for ages 1-44
unintentional injury
69according to 2020 CDC data, suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for which age groups
10-14 and 25-34