1What evidence suggests the decline in the Roman Empire?
The decrease of cash flow, army size, as well as a decrease in shipwreck and coin content suggests the Roman Empire was declining.
2What evidence suggests there was not a dark age across Eurasia during the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Islamic empire had a golden age of Invention and conserved human knowledge.
3Autopsy of an Empire: What led to the decline of the Ptolemaic, Mesoamerican, and Macedonian Empires?
they all fell due to natural causes or surrendering to other empires.
4What was the Silk Road? List some goods and resources.
The Silk Road was a long distance trade network (the overland routes stretched across Eurasia from China to the Mediterranean) that was used to export goods, people, and ideas. Goods include gold, silk, spices, and knowledge.
5How did trade play an important role in the spread of Islam?
Trade was the reason for the Silk Road, which allowed Islam to spread eastward through hierarchical force or relocation of citizens.
6What is Sharia law?
The concepts of Islamic law and religious contents include donating to the poor and praying.
7Who was Mansa Musa and why was he important to the spread of Islam?
Mansa Musa opened trade routes and maintained gains by keeping an army. He also built up Timbuktu and increased learning.
8What was the social and economic impact of the Black Death?
The Black Death decreased the morality of the citizens and destroyed the economy through abandoning cities (with no structure for money to be passed) and abandonment of mines.
9What made long ocean voyages possible?
The caraval (goes against wind), astrolabe (stars navigation), and compass strengthened the ships making long ocean voyages possible.
10What were three effects of the Age of Exploration?
Three effects of the Age of Exploration were the trade of goods (making every economyegion more diverse), spread of disease, and the spread of organisms. The new land being urbanized caused deforestation and negative land effects.
11The Native American population of Mexico decreased from an estimated 25 million in 1492 to 1.7 million in 1608. What caused this decrease in population?
The Native's immune systems weren't advanced and they easily fell to disease. They also fell to the Spanish army very quickly.
12List the reasons the Spanish were able to defeat the Native American empires.
This was due to superior weapons and European disease.
13Whose voyages started a vast cultural exchange between the two hemispheres?
Christopher Columbus.
14What was the result of the conquest of Tenochtitlan by Cortez?
It led to him conquering the Aztec Empire.
15Significance of New France?
It is linked to the beginnings of voyages, fur trading, and exploration.
16The turning point in history when the Spanish established an exchange between Europe and the Americas began in what year?
1492.
17Describe the significance of de Gama and Dias' journeys.
They successfully reached Asia.
18Why is Ferdinand Magellan's voyage considered a turning point in world history?
It was the first circumnavigation of Earth.
19What was the goal of the Europeans establishing outposts in Africa and Asia?
It allowed them to form alliances and make money.
20How did the triangular trade work? Mercantilism?
Mercantilism is when a country exports more than they import, thriving off the profit of trade to fuel their economy. Triangular trade was when each country supplied another with what they needed.
21Why was England able to defeat the Spanish Armada?
The Spanish ships were not suited for the bad weather which led to their demise.
22Absolutism was often supported by which idea?
Kings, queens, and monarchs
23List some examples of the most powerful absolute rulers.
Louis XIV, Ivan The Terrible, Peter the Great, etc.
24Define absolutism.
The idea that one person obtained all the power.
25Define divine right.
The idea that God chose them to be a leader.
26Which enlightenment thinker supported absolutism? (You will have to look into Ch. 22 to figure this out)
Thomas Hobbes
27What does it mean to "centralize power"? How does it increase the power of an absolute monarch? Name one example.
To centralize power is to gain power in the National government, increasing the monarchy's power. The best example would be King Louis XVI
28Which individual supported the theory represented in this illustration (Sun is center of solar system) ?
Copernicus
29What types of rights did the philosophes and other enlightenment thinkers want to protect?
They wanted to protect natural rights like life, liberty, voting.
30Define the Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment was a time period where humans strayed from traditional religious mindsets and made one focused on man and their capabilities.
31What was Voltaire's main idea?
religious tolerance, everyone should be treated equally.
32What was Smith's main idea?
believed that economic development was best fostered in an environment of free competition that operated in accordance with universal "natural laws."
33What was Locke's main idea?
- asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property and opposed Divine Right of Kings
34What was Wollstonecraft's main idea?
who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women
35Which was most highly valued by European intellectuals during the Age of Enlightenment?
Progress through reason
36The writings of Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of
individuals and the natural rights of man.
37Which was the most significant effect of the European Enlightenment period?
It inspired revolutions like American and French.
38Fransico Pizzaro
conquered the Incas in Peru
39What document is this and who wrote it? "We hold these truths to be self
evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness..." - Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence.
40What did John Locke support for the establishment of a government in a society?
He said that when a government crumbles, the people have a right to establish a new one. Society can preserve itself.
41What were three causes of the French Revolution?
American Revolution and liberty, economic problems, and Louis and Marie's massive spending.
42The French Bourgeoisie supported the French Revolution mainly because they
They made up most of the population yet were being taxed and didn't own much land.
43The major result of the French Revolution was... (think about the cause above)
Middle and lower class people gained influence in politics.
44Which important U.S. document influenced the French Revolution and documents produced from the revolution?
The Declaration of Independence.
45List the governments/leaders of France from Louis XVI to Napoleon.
Louis XVI, National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, Committee of Public Safety/Maximilien Robespierre, Directory, Napoleon
46What major event demonstrated that popular protest would play a role in the French Revolution? (one of the symbolic scenes of the French Revolution)
The fall of the Bastille
47How did the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe suppress nationalism?
They made sure there was a good power balance between nations.
48Describe what cities became like during the Industrial Revolution. What were factories like during the early parts of the Industrial Revolution?
Cities became more industrialized with many factories. They were crowded nad polluted. Factories were constantly popping up.
49What are ingredients necessary for industrial development?
Some include efficient central bank, easy transportation, cheap labor, natural resources, means of shipping, and semi-reliable market.
50Why did labor unions develop?
Due to wages and working conditions
51What increased production during the Industrial Revolution?
The automation of factories and machines was more efficient than humans.
52What was a major social consequence of the Industrial Revolution in England?
A major social consequence were the living conditions and overcrowding of urban areas.
53Belt Road Initiative
modern day Silk Road where China invests in infrastructure