ch1 jobn satsitcation

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1
Job Satisfaction
Pleasurable emotional state from job appraisal.
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Value Percept Theory
Job satisfaction depends on perceived job value.
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Grand Approach
Overall satisfaction with the job assessed.
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Facets Approach
Dissatisfaction calculated by (Vwant-Vhave) x (Vimportance).
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Job Characteristics Theory
Jobs are enjoyable when tasks are fulfilling.
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Skill Variety
Diversity of activities and skills in a job.
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Task Identity
Completing a job with a clear beginning and end.
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Task Significance
Job's perceived importance and impact on stakeholders.
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Autonomy
Worker's freedom in planning and executing tasks.
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Feedback
Information provided about job performance.
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Critical Psychological States
States influenced by core job characteristics.
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Meaningfulness of Work
Derived from skill variety, task identity, significance.
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Responsibility
Worker's autonomy in their job role.
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Knowledge of Actual Results
Understanding performance outcomes from feedback.
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Job Satisfaction Results
Leads to better performance, motivation, and attitudes.
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Job Dissatisfaction Results
Negative outcomes like absenteeism and turnover.
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Moods
Mild feelings lasting longer, not directed at causes.
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Emotions
Intense feelings lasting minutes, directed at causes.
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Affective Events Theory
Workplace events influence emotional reactions and behaviors.
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Improving Moods
Activities like socials and gyms enhance workplace mood.
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Emotional Labor
Managing emotions to fulfill job duties successfully.
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Emotional Contagion
One's emotions trigger similar feelings in others.
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Satisfaction with Work Itself
Contentment derived from the nature of the work.
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Supervisor Satisfaction
Contentment with the support from supervisors.
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Coworker Satisfaction
Contentment with relationships among coworkers.
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Pay Satisfaction
Contentment with salary and financial compensation.
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Promotion Satisfaction
Contentment with opportunities for career advancement.
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Reinforcement Theory
The process of shaping behavior by controlling the consequences of the behavior.
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Stimuli
Factors that can influence behavior in the context of reinforcement.
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Positive Reinforcement
A method of encouraging a behavior by providing a desirable consequence.
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Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
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Extinction
The process of reducing a behavior by withdrawing reinforcement.
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Negative Reinforcement
The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior.
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Perception
The process by which individuals organize and interpret their environment.
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Factors that shape perception
Perceiver, Target, Situation.
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Goal Orientation
The focus of an individual on achieving specific goals.
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Learning
The process by which individuals acquire knowledge or skills.
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Performance-prove
A goal orientation focused on demonstrating ability.
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Performance-avoid
A goal orientation focused on avoiding the demonstration of inability.
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Methods of Learning
Ways in which individuals acquire knowledge, including reinforcement and observation.
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Decision Making
The process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
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Programmed Decisions
Decisions that are routine and based on established guidelines.
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Nonprogrammed Decisions
Decisions made in response to unfamiliar problems.
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Intuition
A decision-making approach based on gut feelings.
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Rational Decision Making Model
A structured approach to decision making that involves systematic analysis.
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Simon's Satisficing Model
A decision-making model that involves selecting the first solution that satisfies minimal decision criteria.
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Satisficing
The combination of satisfying and sufficing in decision making.
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Limited information
A common reason for making bad decisions.
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Faulty attributions
A common reason for making bad decisions.
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Faulty perceptions
A common reason for making bad decisions.
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Fundamental attribution error
We have a tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.
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Self-serving bias
Individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors.
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Illusory Correlation (Randomness Error)
Perception of a relationship where none exists.
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Overconfidence Bias
Tendency to overestimate one's own abilities.
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Anchoring Bias
Tendency to fixate on initial information, as a starting point, and failing to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
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Framing
The tendency to make different decisions, based on how a question or situation is phrased.
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Representativeness
The tendency to assess the likelihood of an event by comparing it to a similar event and assuming it will be similar.
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Recency
the tendency to weigh recent events MORE than earlier events
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Ratio Bias
the tendency to judge the same probability of an unlikely event as lower when the probability is presented in a form of a ratio of smaller numbers
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Confirmation Bias
a type of selective perception where we seek out information that reaffirms past choices or preconceptions, and we discount information that contradicts past judgments
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Availability Bias
tendency to base judgments on information that is readily available
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Escalation of Commitment
tendency to stay with a decision, even when there is clear evidence that it's wrong
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Hindsight Bias
tendency to believe, falsely, that one has/could have accurately predicted the outcome of an event, after that outcome is actually known
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Contrast Effects
our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered
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Stereotyping
judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs
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Selective Perception
personal filtering of what we see and hear, based on our personal likes, interests, and expectations
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Halo Effect
drawing a general impression on the basis of a single characteristic
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Biases Lead to Discrimination
the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people due to bias
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Personality
The structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.
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Big Five Dimensions of Personality
Five general dimensions that cluster around personality traits.
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OCEAN
A mnemonic acronym for the Big Five Dimensions of Personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
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Openness to experience
Curious, creative, seeking novelty, imaginative, complex, refined, sophisticated.
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Conscientiousness
Responsible, organized, dependable, persistent, goal directed, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, persevering.
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Extraversion
Emotionally expressive, talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, dominant, have positive affectivity.
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Agreeableness
Kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, warm, trustworthy.
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Neuroticism
Anxious, sad, irritable, nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, unstable.
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Nature vs. Nurture
The debate regarding whether personality traits are determined by genetics (nature) or environment (nurture).
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Twin Studies
Research that studies identical twins reared apart to separate nature and nurture effects.
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Myers Briggs Type Inventory
A personality assessment based on Carl Jung's work, reflecting preferences for gathering information, decision making, and planning.
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Applications for MBTI results
Includes team building, identifying job preferences, career development, management training, and organization development.
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Cultural Values
Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture.
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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
A framework for understanding cultural differences across countries.
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Project GLOBE
A research program that examines the relationship between culture and leadership.
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Power distance
The degree of inequality that exists - and is accepted - among people with and without power.
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Uncertainty avoidance
The extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations.
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Institutional collectivism
The degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources.
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Ingroup collectivism
The degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.
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Gender egalitarianism
The degree to which a culture minimizes gender role differences and promotes gender equality.
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Assertiveness
The degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others.
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Future orientation
The extent to which a culture encourages and rewards future-oriented behaviors such as planning and investing in the future.
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Performance orientation
The degree to which a culture encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence.
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Humane orientation
The degree to which a culture encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, and kind to others.
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