1Define the terms biological evolution
change in chracterisitcs of apopulation of organism that occurs over time
2define the term natural selection
the differential survivial and repoduction of individuals in a poplullation
3define the term biological population
4describe the differences between micro and macro evolution.
micro is changes in chracterisitics of a population over time while macro is changes that result in the origin of new species
5Darwins voyage
Darwin went on a trip as the assistant of a naturalist where they traveled for 5 years, off teh Galapagos islands they found islands with few organsims who were related in small way to the mainland.
6Lamarck beliefs
Thought non heritable traits could be passed on mouse experiment where he chopped off tails of mice hoping their offspring would have no tails.
8anatomical homology
organisms often share similar structures; similar structures all species have whales and humasn both have a pelvis and femur. share characteristics but arent direct ancestors
9molecule (DNA) homology
sequence comparisons show similarities; species that appear related should have similar genes(many genes exist in multiple animals)
10fossil record
fossils allow humans to see past species that have evolved or gone extinct (show humans are the last species of hominins)
11geographic districution
idea of distribution of species on earth; darwin proposed that species that have evolved from one another should be close to eachother
12developmental homology
striking similarities i n development; backbone, gills, and tails
13Understand the differences between homologous and convergent structures
convergent traits that look similar or solve similar problem do not share homology(batwings and birdwings function the same but dont have similar ancestors), Homology is same but they share ancestory
14define the term vestigial trait
nonfunctional feature in an organism that functions in another organism.(evidence as remnants of past natural adaptations)
15name the categories of the linnaean clssificication system.
domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
16static model
Says that life on earth is
unchanged and was created
uniquely roughly 10,000 years
ago (flaws are fossil record radiometric dating)
17transformative model
Organism arose separately but
changed over time(flaws homologies between
different organism)
18separeate types model
Organisms arose separately but
have since changed over time
including the formation of new
species(flaws Homology of the genetic
code, cells structure)
19common descent model
Organisms arose from a single
common ancestor and have
changed over time (
20darwins inferences
favorable inherited variations will increase in frequency in a population over time
- while unfavorable variations tend ot be lost
-result in a change in the populations characterisitics over time
21artificial selection
selection imposed by human choice; controlling how pants mate (dog breeds changing)
22natural selection experiments
23natural selection in nature
evolution of antibiotic reisistant strains of bacteria environment has led to adaptations(ex. changes in beaks of finch)