1Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium as they refer to reproductive isolation.
Which one did Darwin hypothesize? Which one is likely correct?
gradulaism was proposed by darwin; reproductive isolation occurs over millions of years
punctualism reproductive isolation occurs over a few thousand years
2genetic drift
changes in allele frequency due to chance
3founder effect
small populatoin breaks off and establishes itself in a new area
4bottle neck
when a large population is reduced to small population
5define taxonomy
study of naming and classifying species
6define biodiversity
variety within and among species on earth
7define systematist
scientist who categorize organisms
8Describe at least three characteristics shared by all cells on earth. Describe 2 differences.
similarities:
1. contian DNA for genetic information
2. they have a plasma membrane
3. ribosomes
differences:
1. size
2. shape
9What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and are found in plants; eukaryotic cells are found in animals
10define domain bacteria
all prokaryotic cells no nucleus; contian organisms that we call bacteria
11define domain archaea
prokaryotic like bacteria; small and unicellular
12define domain eukarya
appeared 2 billion years ago; have anucleus and contain organelles; grouped into numerous kingdoms; diverse shapes and functions
13 What scientific data was used to create the domain categories? Why would important genes be
relatively unchanged throughout time?
data of DNA and sequencing of it; evidence showing 3 major differences in cells
14Generally describe or draw the proposed hypothesis for the evolution of: nucleus
15describe kingdom protista
simplest known eukaryotes, diverse collection of mostly single celled organims, hihgly diverse
1. Animal like: protozoan= generally can move and consume other organisms
2. fungus like: slime molds
3. plant like: algae= can make food by photosynthesis
16Describe the Kingdom Plantae
multicellular eukaryotes that produce food by photosyntheis, may have cell walls of cellulose
1. bryophyta: mosses, lack vascular tissue
2. pteridophyta:ferns, have vascular tissue, reproduce by spores
3. Coniferophyta: seed producers
4. Anthophyta: flowing plants, with fruits