1Scientific study of life
Biology
2Unifying themes in Biology
Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, Evolution
3Levels of Biological organization (1-10)
The biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organelles, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules
4An approach that reduces complex systems to simple components that are managable to study
Reductionism
5Usd to study life at all levels
Systems Biology
6Result from the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases
Emergent Properties
7The concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors
evolution
8How many species have been identified and named to date
1.8 million
9How many species are estimated to exist
10 million to 100 million
10Three domains of life
bacteria, Archaea, eukarya
11Eukarya subgroups
plants, fungi, animals, protists
12What is the most numerous and diverse eukaryotes
protist
13protists are less closely related to…
other protists than they are to plants, animals, or fungi
14Universal genetic language common to all organisms
DNA
15Darwins theory explains…
unity and diversity
16Over time more individuals in a population will have
the advantageous traits
17the natural environment “selects” for the propogation of
beneficial traits
18When did Charles Darwin publish on the origins of species by means of natural selection
1859
19Todays organisms descended from
ancesteral species
20provided mechanism for evolutionary change in populations
natural selection
21Who believed species were fixed
Aristole
22The… stated species were individually designed and did not evolve
old testament
23dedicated toward studying adaptions of organisms as evidence that creator hd designed for each species for a purpose
natural theology
24Developed taxomony, binomial format
carolus linnaeus 1707-1778
25Impressions of organisms from the past were mineralized in
sedimentary rock
26New layers of sediment cover older ones
strata
27show succession of organisms that populated earth throughout time
Fossils
28Study of fossils
paleontology
29The deeper the strama…
dissimilar fossils from today
30boundaries between strata were due to local flood or drought that destroyed species then present
catastrophism, advocated by cuvier
31Who proposed diversity of landforms could be explained by mechanisms currentlu operating
James Hutton
32profound change results from slow, continuous processes (ex; erosion)
Hutton’s theory of gradulism
33theory that geological rocesses have not changed throughout earths history
theory of uniformzation- charles lyell
34who influenced darwin
hutton and lyell
35When did Baptiste Lamarck publis his theory of evolution in natural history museum of paris
1809
36central to lamarks mechanism of evolution
concepts of use and disuse of parts, inheritance of acquired characteristics
37Lamarcks theory was a visionary attempt to explain
fossil records, current diversity of life reflecting both great age and adaptation of organisms to environment
38traits that do not change genes transmitted by gametes to offspring
acquired traits
39when did darwin recieve his degree
1831
40Darwin noted plants from
South america were very distinct from those of europe
41geographical distribution of species
biogeography