biology

no nucleus allows cell to carry oxygen. attached to haemoglobin to target organs and tissues

helps immune system fight diseases by destroying pathogens.

clump together to form a blood clot to slow/stop bleeding. fibrinogen is converted by thrombin to fibrin which traps erythrocyte and platelets

transports nutrients, waste products, water, enzymes and hormones to target organs and tissues

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

large vein,valves. carries deoxygenated blood back towards the heart

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

right side located between the right atrium and right ventricle l. prevents back flow

left side located between left atrium and left ventrical. allows blood flow in one direction from LA to LV

cords of tissue connected to bicuspid and tricuspid valves. ensures function

component of the heart located in the right atrium, source of electrical signals causing heartbeat

component of the heart located between right atrium and right ventricle, passes electrical signals from sino-arterial node into the ventricles

component within the walls of the ventricles that transmit electrical signals causing heartbeat

entrance to vagina barrier against infectionm used during copulation

receives the penis during copulation. birth canal protected passage for foetus during exploration protects urethra

womb, muscular organ. where sperm fertilises the ova. embryo grows on successful fertilisation. where foetus is developed

entrance to uterus. other end of vagina. protects uterus from infection. opens during partition and copulation

tubes connecting ovaries to uterus. where ova travels from ovaries to uterus, fertilisation occurs here

2 organs which produce ovum and hormones oestrogen and progesterone

male sex organ, inseminate females during copulation

sheath that covers penis

tube in penis which connects the bladder. allows urine to be expelled from body. sperm travels through during copulation

bulb of erectile tissue at base of penis. swells during copulation

tube at back of testes. connects testes and vans deferens. sperm matures here stored by release

tube which transports sperm from epididymis to prostate gland

pair of organs. produces sperm and hormone testosterone which aids development of male characteristics

vans deferens ends at prostate gland. produces fluid to protect sperm. expels sperm during ejaculation

away from heart(blood) oxygenated. high pressure small lumen thick walls no valves

brings deoxygenated blood into heart. low pressure medium lumen thick walls has valves

connects A+V medium pressure big lumen 1 cell thick walls no valves

tube that transport lymph-has valves. carries excess lymph away from tissues

small organs throughout the body-contains glands. filters and destroys pathogens/ foreign bodies from lymph using lymphocytes(part of immune system)

tracheal duct in neck between head and heart. drains lymph back into circulation

spleen, tonsils and thymus. helps protect against foreign bodies/pathogens(part of immune system)

controls sensory information

controls autonomic nervous system

controls higher level processing

controls emotional behaviour, long term memory and olfactory senses

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, limbic system

receive and transmit information between the brain and the body

controls transmission via neurons

neuron receptors, reticular formations

controls autonomic functions

controls balance, coordination and locomotion

controls respiration and signal control

medulla, cerebellum and pons

contains genetic material

contains cell organelles

carries impulse from cell body to axon terminal

connects other neurons to transmit impulse

receive signals from other neurons and transmission of signals to cell body

facilitate rapid nerve conduction

glial cell which keeps neurons alive. produces myelin sheath

protects/insulates axon. aids conduction of impulse

junction between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite if another. where signals pass

network of neurons and nerves- carries signals to and from cns- voluntary contril

takes information from sense organ towards cns

carry information from cns to muscles

makes up brain and spinal chord

part of pns- role in involuntary body functions. sympathetic -fight or flight. parasympathetic -rest and digest

filters air, covered with mucus

voice box, involved in vocalisation

carries air into the lower respiratory system/lungs

passageway which distributes air into lungs via bronchioles and alveolar sacs

provides a passageway of air from bronchi into the alveoli

gas exchange in alevoli capillaries-oxygen diffuses into bloodstream/carbon diffuses from blood to lungs

organs where gas exchange occurs

muscle contracts/expands to make less/more room for the lungs to inflate/deinflate

photosensitive cells react to light, communicates with optic nerve and brain

cells in retina, sensitive to light

sensitive to colours

contains high concentration of cone cells for detailed vision

blood vessels provide nutrients and remove waste from retina cells

no light sensitive cells, blind spot

protects sensitive interior of eye

bends light to focus on the he retina

light absorbed into inner eye

involuntary widening/narrowing-contol light entering pupil

change in shape to focus light beams into retina

changes shape of lens and produces aqueous humor to provide lens/cornea nutrients

transports signals received at retina to brain

lateral rectus muscles- moves eye to look outward. medial-eye looks inward

visible part of outer ear detects sound into ear and amplifies

passageway connects pinna to/takes sounds to middle ear

ear drum. vibrations of air in auditory meatus caused surface of lymphatic membrane to vibrate

1/3 bones -hammer shape sends vibrations, attached to lymphatic membrane

2/3 bones -anuill shape between mallius and stapes. sends vibrations

3/3 bone. stirrup shape connected to incus and innear-oval window. - sends vibrations

connects middle and inner ear. vibrations from stairs causes oval window to vibrate

circle shaped. allows fluid within cochlea spine to move

snail shell shape. fluid vibration causes vibration in sections of membrane

located in cochlea. hairs stimulated by membrane movement send electrical signals to cochlea nerve

carries electrical signals from organ of corti and transport then to brain and interpret sound

roof if mouth seperating nasal chambers from mouth. comprised if hard and soft palate

roof if mouth towards front made up of bones

roof of mouth towards back, muscle and tissue, mucus lining secretes saliva which helps digestion , closes passageway during swallowing stopping food entering nasal cavity, role in chewing