9Америка́нец
a-mye-ri-ká-nyets
12Приве́т, как дела́?
pri-vyét, kak dye-Lá?
16Приве́т! Как дела́? Я - Еле́на, а ты?
pri-vyét. kak dye-Lá? Ya ye-lyé-na, a ty?
20Да, я ру́сская.
da ya rus-ka-ya
21Ты ру́сская?
Ty rús-ka-ya?
22Да, я ру́сская. А ты? Ты ру́сский?
Da, ya rús-ka-ya. A ty? Ty rús-kij?
23Нет, я америка́нец.
Nyet, ya a-mye-ri-ká-nyets.
24How is the verb «to be» expressed in Russian? (infinitive and pronunciation)
быть, pronounced [byt']
25Is the verb «быть» written in the present tense in modern Russian?
No. It is not written in the present tense (I am, you are, he is...), but it is used in the past and future.
26In the dialogues, where does «am / are / is» appear?
Only in the English translation. The Russian has no verb in the present tense.
27Translate: Ivan is an actor.
Ива́н - актёр.
28Translate: You are Peter.
Ты Пётр.
29Translate: I am Helen.
Я Еле́на.
30In «Ива́н - актёр», what does the dash (-) replace?
The missing verb «to be». You see it often in books. The meaning of the sentence is the same with or without the mark.