chapter 5

repeating units that serve as building blocks

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

removes a water molecule, forming a new bond

adds a water molecule, breaking a bond.

sugars and the polymers of sugars

molecular formulas
that are usually multiples of (CH2O)n (monomer)

when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides (polymer)

the polymers of sugars, have storage and structural roles

one class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers

hydrophobic

fats, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids

The major function of fats is energy storage

consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton

glycerol and fatty acids

saturated fats, solid at room temperature, and are mostly made from animals (think about butter, solid at room temp)

called unsaturated fats, liquid at room temp, and are ussually made from plants or fish (think about vegstable oil. made from plants and liquid at room temp)

two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol

hydrophobic, hydrophilic

lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

low soulubility in water. (think of oil and water. they dont mix)

peptide bonds

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

sequence of amino acids. determines hape of protein

may coil into a helix or fold back and forth forming bete pleated sheets

the overall shape of a protein

amino acids

polypeptide

This loss of a protein’s native structure

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

polynucleotides

nucleotides