ch 8

is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

anytime two or more atoms, ions, or molecules collide in such a way that they produce a new substance

specific molecule, product

the capacity to cause change

The portion of a system’s energy that can perform work

exergonic reactions

endergonic reaction

energy an object possesses by being in motion

a measure of disorder

energy substances release when they undergo a chemical reaction

potential energy

energy conserved within an object.

the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
-ATP is key to this process
-in an exergonic reaction atp becomes adp as a phosphate is removed
-a reactant molecule aquires the phosphate from atp and the reaction can continue

ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups

Chemical work

Transport work

Mechanical work

a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

a catalytic protein

enzymes or other catalysts speed up specific reactions by lowering the EA barrier

the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway

a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity

either inhibit or stimulate an enzyme’s activity

a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects the protein’s function at another site

bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective

energy needed to start a reaction