Week 1

- navigational aid signals
- NAS is interlaced with them at high and low altitudes
- broken down into blocks assigned to various atc facilities
- can be ground or satellite-based VORS and VORTACS

- was established in 1966
- reports directly to the secretary of transportation

- established in 1926 by commerce secretary with functions and responsibilities vital to aviation

- in 1934 it was renamed Bureau of Air Commerce

- established an independent aviation agency called the civil aeronautics authority

- security and hazardous material
- region and center operations
- commercial space and transport
- aviation safety
- airports
- air traffic organization
- communication
- information services
- international aviation
- human resource management
- financial services

- pipelines and hazardous materials
- highways
- railroads
- marine navigation

- acquisition and business
- finance
- operations
- strategy and performance
- next gen and OPS planning

- author and sponsor of the federal aviation act of 1958

- home to FAA logistic center civil aerospace medical institute (CAMI), and aviation academy where future atc recivieve their training

- the scientifiic and test base for the FAA

- atc facilities are assigned one of three service areas (Eastern, Central, and Western)

- established to privide atc services to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace

- flight service stations are air traffic facilities that provide a verityu of services to pilots, including receiving and processing flight plans, conducting pilot briefings and providing certain in-flight services advisories
- does not actively engage in the control and separation of aircraft

- faa
- ato coo
- service areas
- facilities
- atc personnel

- atc personnel
- facilities
- service areas
- ato coo
- faa administrator

- VOR stations
- VHF omni-directional radio range with tactical air navigation (VORTAC) stations
- nondirectional radio beacons (NDBs)
- instrument landing system (ILS) components consisting of only a localizer or localizer and a paired glideslope
- GPS
- Airports or landing areas
- aeronautical charts
- rules, regulations, and procedures
- personnel and equipment

- over 19,000 of them in the US

hazardous air traffic report

- required by ATC specialist
- the separation of air traffic within designated airspace by ATC
- regulatory in nature
- standards are designated either by distance in NM or in altitudes by feet or time in minutes
- always provided between IFR aircraft on flight plans,
- sometimes provided for two or more VFR aircrafts or between IFR and VFR aircrafts

1: seperating aircraft and issuing safety alerts
2: low altitude alerts
3: national secuirty or homeland defense notice
4: weather updates
- all in all it is up to the ATC to decide what deserves the most attention, although all factors play a role in their duty

- traffic alerts when 2 or more aircrafts present collision potential

- issued when an aircraft is in unsafe proximity to terrain or obstructions

ATC can alert national security and homeland defense of suspicious activities from aircrafts or pilots

- ATC serve on first come first serve basis
Exceptions....
- an aircraft in distress has right of way over all other traffic
- civil air ambulance flights using the term MEDEVAC followed by FAA authorized call sign or civil registration
* priority is also provided when pilot uses term AIR EVAC or HOSP
- presidential and entourage/ rescue support aircraft
- search and rescue SAR aircraft performing an active SAR mission
- intercoptor aircraft on an active air defense mission (until the unknown aircraft is identified)
- special military or civilian operations include: NIGHT WATCH (NAOC) for national airborne operations center aircraft aka Doomsday Airplane or the FLYNET which stands for garden plot SAMP and SCOOT
- TEAL and NOAA weather support aircraft when requested
- flight check aircraft
- IFR has priority over SVFR
- fallen hero flights

- Radar seperation is used in preference to nonradar separation when it will be to an operational advantage so long as workload, communications, and equipment capabilities permit. most prevalent preference

- Nonradar seperation is used in preference to radar seperation when an operational advantage is gained,, like when allowing an aircraft to depart on an ifr flight plane from a nontowered satellight airport where radar coverage is limited or nonexistent

- traffic advisories
- radar vectors when requested by the pilot
- altitude deviation information of 300ft or more from assigned altitude as observed on a cerified automate altitude readout mode c transponder
- advisories that traffic is no longer a factor
- weather information and assistance
- bird activity information
- holding pattern surveillance

- requested when pilot asks to operate in weather conditions around a surface area designated airport when the weather is reported below the basic VFR minimums
- cant be lower than 1 statute mile visibility
- to operate under SVFR at night, the pilot must be instrument rated and the aircraft must be capable of instrument flight
- nighttime requirement does not apply to helicopters

1- flight service stations (FSS)
2- Terminal Facilities (ATCTs, TRACONS)
3- ARTCCs

- the one controller who is qualified at the full performance level
- resposible for overall operations of that facility

- air traffic facilities whose personell have no direct control over IFR or VFR traffic
- primary resposibility is for items like pilot briefings, and recieving and proccessing IFR and VFR flight plans
- conduct VFR SAR services
- provides assistance to lost aircraft when required
- assists pilots of aircraft in emergency situations
- relay atc clearances, recieve and proccess vfr and ifr flight plans, moniter navaids, inputs NOTAMs, communicates with pilots en route, and conducts preflight briefings for pilots

- preflight
- flight data (FD/NOTAM)
- Coordinator and Inflight

- pilots contact fss for preflight through 1-800-wx.brief phone number and talk to the preflight specialist
Duties of Specialist
- briefing pilots
- translating current and forecast weather and notams
- advising pilot of potential flow control restrictions that the pilot might encounter
- can apply VFR no reccomended (VNR) procedures when weather is not conducive to CFR flight

- complies data
- evaluates data
- recordings
- disseminating NOTAMS and flight movement data like VFR and IFR civil and military plans
- interantional flight plans
- flight notification messeges
- custom notifications
- law enforcement messeges
- can initiate SAR

- provide services to aircraft while in flight
- monter and restore NAVAIDS
- relay atc clearances
- advisories
- requests
- issuing military flight advisories
- recives and issues notams
- assisting in SAR radio communication seraches (locating lost aircraft)
- activating and closing flight plan
- soliciting and issuing Pilot weather reports (PIREP)
- prove weather advisories and flight plan services
- preflight position
- VNR procedures

- ATCTs
- TRACONS

- most visible terminal air traffic facility at any airport that has one
- responsible for using air to ground radios and visual signaling and other devices to provide atc services
- utilizes two way radio communication to authorize aircraft to takeoff or land

- comes in red, white, or green
- steady green or flashing lights indicate pilot lacking ability to communicate with the tower on the tower frequency

- meant to reduce operating costs
- placed in less busy areas
- SERCO covers the western states
- Robinson Aviation (RVA inc) covers contract atcts in the eastern third of the country
- most military branch atct towers are staffed by active duty military and civilian atc specialist (air national guard)

Consist of 6 postions
- FD
- clearance deviliver (CD)
- local control
- ground control
- tower coordinator (TC)
- tower associate

Tower Team Concept is...
- not responsible for the safe and efficient operation of the tower cap
- does not hold the team accountable for the acitions of individual memebers in the event of operational error or deviation

- assists the other atc in the tower and performs the clerical duties
- usually first position to assign new atcs when they begin on the job training at their first tower
- process and forward flight plan data and associated info
- complies statistical data like traffic count numbers
- observes and reports airports weather information
- does not talk directly to pilots

- first contact that a pilot has with atc when departing an airport on an ifr flight plan
- processes and forwards flight plan information
- issues departures clearances
- ensures accuracy of pilot readback
- moniters operating communication equipment
- also performed by people in ground control positions

Ground Control
- responsible for ensuring aircraft is separted from other aircraft
- makes sure ground vehicles and any potential obstacles are awayf rom active runways at airport
- must coordinate with Local Control to make sure that no aircraft are departing or landing on the runway that the Ground Control would like to use

Progressive Taxi Instructions

- pilot or GC may request progressive taxi instructions when there is construction on airport grounds
- this entails GC monitering the aircraft and actively telling them where to turn
- this increases their workload and can be hazardous because it causes the controller to fixate on one aircraft and potentially neglect their other duties

- seperates traffic
- sequences traffic
- provides safety alerts to aircrafts on active runways and in the airspace surronding the airport
- utilizes radar displays to ensure max use of airspace
- assisting the tower associate postion with coordination
- scans airport environment for hazards like wildlife or wayward vehicles or aircrafts
- ensures computer entries are completed for instructions or clearances that have been issued
- ensures strip marketing is completed for instructions or clearances issued
- processes and forwards flight plan information
- performing any functions of the tower team
- Like in Hartsfield Jackson their can be North and South local control sectors for the airport alone to help direct the flow of traffic
- responsible for exchanging safe and efficient information for runway use and movement areas

- assistant to LC or GC psotions by monitering the ongoing operations for anything the LC or GC may not be aware of
- maintains awareness of tower cab operational activities
- ultilizes tower radar displays
- accepts or initiates coordination for continued smooth airport and tower cab operations
- ensures accurancy of flight plan information

- ensure that the overall operation is at its greatest capacity while maintaining safety standards

- terminal radar approach control
- uses radar and nonradar procedures to provide atc services to aircraft arriving and departing and transistioning through the airspace within the terminal area or 50 nm and below 10,000ft to 12,000ft msl around primary airport

radar approach control in the airforce

army radar approch control

navy and marine radar air traffic control facility

- radar fd
- radar associate
- radar controller
- radar coordinator

- processing and forwarding flight plan inforamtion and complining statistical information

- aids radar controller by assisting him with ancillary duties like behind the scenese coordination
- aids sepeartion between aircraft and airspace
- maintains awareness of facility sector activities
- accepts and initiates automated info and verbal handoffs and coordinations of aircraft movement information

- backbone of terminal radar facility
- radar display direct air to ground communications with pilots to seperate and sequence aircraft receiving servicees in the sectors airspace
- completes computer entries

- performs interfacility and intrafacility coordination in the background pertaining to aircraft movement

- provides servies to ifr and vfr aircrafts between departue and destination terminal areas
- divided into several areas thus controllers must be able to work every area

- radar fd
- radar associate
- radar
- radar coordinator

l Receiving, processing, and distributing flight progress strips
l Requesting, receiving, and disseminating weather, NOTAMs, NAS status, TMS flow-control initiatives, and SUA status messages
l Manually preparing flight progress strips when automated systems are unavail-able or out of service
l Entering aircraft FD information into the Flight Data System (FDS) computer l Forwarding FD information via computer l Assisting the sector/facility in meeting situation objectives based on operational needs