Airports

active areas like runways, taxiways, and heliports that are used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft

Areas like the taxiways and ramps that are not under the control of atc

runways and landing areas (heliports too).

- taxiways
- closed and hazardous areas
- holding positions

- identifies runway by a number and letter determined with respect to the direction (heading) of appraoch
- each runway has two designators, one at each end
- runway numbers are determined by its centerline place and magnetic direction rounded to the nearest 10th degree
Exp: 163 = RW 16, 345 = RW 35

Closely identify the actual beginning point of the runway threshold used for landings. Also consists of a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimension spaced symmetrically about the runway centerline.

- usually white
- number of stripes signifies the length
- standard length of longitudinal stripe is 150ft

4 - 60ft
6 - 75ft
8- 100ft
12- 150ft
16 - 200ft

- are white
- beginning of the markings is 1000ft from landing threshold

are white

yellow and start at the runway midpoint and are slanted at a 45 degree angle to the runway centerline

- located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway
- has white cheverons (4) and indicates it can only be used for taxiing and takeoff, not landing

- delineates a runway with a displaced threshold from a blast pad, stop way, or aligned taxiway that precedes the runway

- lighting circuits are disconnected
- yellow crosses are ainted at each end of the runway and at the 1000ft
- threshold, runway degsination, and touchdown zone markings are obliterated

- mandatory instruction sign
- has red background with white text

- black background and yellow letters

- black background and white letters
- informs pilots of distance remaining with 1000ft
- used by tower to apply seperation standards

- red background with white inscription
- used to denote an entrance to a runway or critical area and areas where an aircraft is prohibited from entering without an atc clearance
- usually runway hold position
- runway approach and area holding position
- ils critical holding area
- no entry sign

- black background, yellow inscription and yellow boarder

- indicates the direction an aircraft must turn in order to get to the desired taxiway
- marked by yellow background and black inscription
- always has an arrow

flashing white and green

flashing white and yellow

flashing white, yellow, and green

two quick white flashes followed by a green flash

- Runway end identifier lights (REILS)
- Runway Edge Light System
- In Runway Lighting

- runway end identifer lights
- sycronized white flashing strobe lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold

green - approach
white- runway (3000fr remaining)
yellow- 2000ft remaining
red - end of runway (last 1000fr)

consists of two rows of lights, one on each side and parallel to the runway centerline lights
- starts from 100ft from the landing threshold
- extends to 3000ft from the threshold or midpoint of the runway

consists of lights spaced at 50 foot intervals
- white until last 3000ft
- white alternating with red for the next 2000ft
- red at the last 1000ft

tells pilots and vehicle operatiors to stop when the runway is not safe

- PAPI (precision approach path indicators) are arranded 4 lights in a row horiziontally (two red first and two white last lets you know that you are on the glideslope)
- VASI (visual approach slope indicators) are arranded with two lights in the front and two lights in the back, you want two white upfront and two red in the back to be on the glideslope

used by atc to confirm air traffic control clearance to enter or cross the active runway in low visibility conditions
- has a row of red lights across entire taxiway

row of alternating yellow and green lights to show that atc clearance to proceed is given and will reset after aircraft lines up and takes off

shows that pilot and drivers must stop at runway hold line and remain stopped when the are on
- indiactes atc clearance is required to cross and or enter the runways

lit when an aircraft is waiting to take off in the takeoff hold area and another aircraft is on the runway
- will turn off when the departing aircraft is no longer on the runway
- atc clearance is still required for takeoff