1[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Who owns all lands of the public domain and other natural resources?
The State
2[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] The doctrine of State ownership of public lands and natural resources is the ______ Doctrine.
Regalian Doctrine
3[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Except for what type of land, natural resources shall not be alienated?
Agricultural lands
4[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] The exploration, development, and utilization of natural resources are under the full ______ and ______ of the State.
Control; supervision
5[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] What minimum Filipino capital must qualified corporations or associations have?
At least 60%
6[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] What is the standard term of resource agreements, and what is the maximum renewal?
Up to 25 years, renewable for not more than another 25 years
7[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Marine wealth is protected within archipelagic waters, territorial sea, and the ______.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
8[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Marine wealth use and enjoyment are reserved to whom?
Filipino citizens
9[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Congress may prioritize ______ fishers and fish workers in small-scale marine utilization.
Subsistence
10[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 2] Within how many days must the President notify Congress of each technical or financial assistance contract?
30 days from execution
11[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] What are the four constitutional classes of public-domain land?
Agricultural lands; forest or timber lands; mineral lands; national parks
12[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] Which constitutional land class is potentially alienable?
Agricultural lands
13[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] Are forest or timber lands alienable as public-domain land?
No; they are inalienable
14[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] Are mineral lands alienable as public-domain land?
No; resource use remains under State control
15[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] What is the status of national parks?
Inalienable and protected for public purposes
16[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] How many hectares of alienable public land may a Filipino citizen acquire by purchase, homestead, or grant?
Up to 12 hectares
17[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] What is the maximum alienable public land a Filipino citizen may lease?
500 hectares
18[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] May private corporations acquire alienable public land?
No; they may hold it only by lease
19[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] What is the maximum area a private corporation may lease, and for how long?
1,000 hectares for up to 25 years, renewable for not more than 25 years
20[1987 Constitution – Art. XII, Sec. 3] What two considerations must Congress balance when setting land limits?
Conservation, ecology and development; agrarian reform
21[1987 Constitution] What does “potentially alienable” mean?
The land still needs an official declaration as alienable and disposable (A&D)
22[C.A. 141 – Public Land Act] What is the full name and number of the main public-land framework law?
Commonwealth Act No. 141, the Public Land Act
23[C.A. 141 – Overview] When was the Public Land Act approved?
November 7, 1936
24[C.A. 141 – Overview] Under which Constitution was C.A. 141 approved?
The 1935 Constitution
25[C.A. 141 – Overview] What subjects does the Public Land Act regulate?
Classification, survey, administration, and disposition of public lands
26[C.A. 141 – Overview] Which modern agency framework now carries out the original public-land administration functions?
DENR framework
27[C.A. 141 – Sec. 4] Who has direct executive control over survey, classification, lease, sale, concession, disposition, and management of public lands, subject to departmental control?
Director of Lands
28[C.A. 141 – Sec. 6] What are the three classes of public lands under C.A. 141?
Alienable or disposable; timber; mineral
29[C.A. 141 – Sec. 6] Who recommends public-land classification to the President?
Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce
30[C.A. 141 – Sec. 6] Who classifies and transfers public lands from one class to another?
The President
31[C.A. 141 – Sec. 7] Does A&D classification automatically mean land is open for disposition?
No; a separate declaration that it is open for disposition is needed
32[C.A. 141 – Sec. 8] What must happen to land boundaries before land is generally declared open to disposition?
The land must be officially delimited and classified
33[C.A. 141 – Sec. 8] When practicable, what additional step should be completed before land is open to disposition?
Survey
34[C.A. 141 – Sec. 8] Name conditions for land to be open to disposition under C.A. 141.
Officially delimited and classified; surveyed when practicable; not reserved; not already appropriated by Government or private property; not subject to a legally recognized private right
35[C.A. 141 – Sec. 8] What may the President do for reasons of public interest before boundaries are established or surveys are completed?
Declare land open to disposition before boundaries are established or it is surveyed
36[C.A. 141 – Sec. 8] What may the President do to a concession or disposition for public-interest reasons?
Suspend it until the land is again declared open
37[C.A. 141 – Sec. 9] What use classes are specified for public lands under C.A. 141?
Agricultural; residential/commercial/industrial or similar productive purposes; educational/charitable or similar purposes; town sites and public/quasi-public reservations
38[C.A. 141 – Sec. 10] “Disposition,” “alienation,” or “concession” covers authorized acquisition, lease, use, or benefit of public lands other than ______ or ______ lands.
Timber; mineral
39[C.A. 141 – Sec. 58] Which public lands may be disposed of for non-agricultural productive purposes under Title III?
Public land that is neither timber nor mineral, intended for residential, commercial, industrial, or other non-agricultural productive use, and open to disposition
40[C.A. 141 – Sec. 59] Name lands disposable under Title III.
Government-reclaimed lands; foreshore; marshy or water-covered lands bordering navigable lakesivers; lands outside the other listed classes
41[C.A. 141 – Sec. 59] What is foreshore land?
The strip of shore between high and low tide
42[C.A. 141 – Disposition sequence] What is the general sequence from public land to private title?
Constitution/State ownership → classification → official A&D declaration → open-for-disposition declaration → lawful acquisition under C.A. 141 → registration under P.D. 1529/title
43[C.A. 141 – Acquisition limits] What is the original C.A. 141 individual acquisition limit that is superseded by the Constitution?
24 hectares; the constitutional limit is 12 hectares
44[C.A. 141 – Acquisition limits] What original corporate acquisition limit is listed in C.A. 141 but superseded by constitutional rules?
1,024 hectares; private corporations cannot acquire alienable public land under the Constitution
45[C.A. 141 – Authorities] Name public-land management offices listed in the reviewer.
DENR; Land Management Bureau (LMB); PENRO; CENRO
46[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Who may generally apply for a homestead?
A Filipino citizen of legal age who meets the statutory qualifications
47[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Can a married woman file a homestead application in every circumstance?
No; exceptions include separation and non-dependence, husband's insanity or physical incapacity, or imprisonment preventing residence compliance
48[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What is the homestead application process?
Apply at CENRO → inspection/verification → proof of cultivation → DENR issues patent
49[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Who signs a homestead patent for an area not more than 5 hectares?
PENRO
50[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Who signs a homestead patent above 5 and up to 10 hectares?
Regional Executive Director (RED)
51[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Who signs a homestead patent above 10 hectares?
Secretary of DENR
52[C.A. 141 – Homestead] When may an action to annul or cancel a homestead patent be brought?
Within 1 year from title issuance
53[C.A. 141 – Homestead] When may the government bring an action for reversion after the annulment period rule applies?
Within 5 years from when the action becomes available
54[C.A. 141 – Homestead] Can a homestead patent be sold within 5 years from grant?
No; a sale within 5 years is void under Sec. 44 as cited in the reviewer
55[C.A. 141 – Free patents] What did R.A. 11231 change regarding the five-year transfer restriction?
It removed the restriction for Free Patents, not homestead patents
56[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] What is the sale mode for public agricultural land under a sales patent?
Sealed bidding
57[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] Who may qualify for a sales patent?
Filipino citizens of legal age
58[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] How may a sales-patent purchase be paid?
In full or in 10 equal annual installments
59[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] What minimum portion must a sales-patent buyer cultivate and improve within 5 years of award?
At least one-fifth (1/5) of the land
60[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] When is the title issued for a sales patent?
Only after final or full payment
61[C.A. 141 – Lease] Who may lease public agricultural, commercial, or industrial lands?
Individuals, corporations, or cooperatives meeting eligibility requirements
62[C.A. 141 – Lease] What Filipino ownership must a corporation generally have to lease public land?
At least 60%
63[C.A. 141 – Lease] What is the maximum public-land lease area and term?
1,000 hectares; up to 25 years, renewable for another 25 years
64[C.A. 141 – Lease] Does a lease confer ownership?
No; it gives the right to possess and use, not ownership
65[C.A. 141 – Free patent] What occupancy date appears in the agricultural free-patent qualification rules?
June 12, 1945, or earlier
66[C.A. 141 – Free patent] What law is identified as removing the five-year transfer restriction on free patents?
R.A. 11231
67[C.A. 141 – Reserved land] What is the status of reserved land until it is again declared alienable?
Non-alienable
68[C.A. 141 – Residential Free Patent] What law is identified for residential free patents?
R.A. 10023
69[C.A. 141 – Residential Free Patent] What is the occupancy period in the reviewer for a residential free patent?
10 years
70[C.A. 141 – Public land sale] Under C.A. 141, how many residence lots may one buyer purchase without specific approval?
Two
71[C.A. 141 – Reclaimed land] How often must a lease of reclaimed land exceeding 10 years be reappraised?
Every 10 years
72[C.A. 141 – National parks] What law is known as the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act?
R.A. 7586, as amended by R.A. 11038
73[C.A. 141 – Indigenous peoples] What is the full name of R.A. 8371?
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act
74[P.D. 705 – Sec. 13] Who prescribes criteria, guidelines, and methods for proper classification and survey of public-domain lands?
The Department Head
75[P.D. 705 – Sec. 13] What does the inter-bureau classification system determine?
Which unclassified lands are needed for forest purposes
76[P.D. 705 – Sec. 13] Are unclassified public lands automatically A&D?
No; they require lawful governmental classification
77[P.D. 705 – Sec. 13] What are the six institutional steps in land classification?
Identify unclassified land; technical study/survey; determine forest need; DENR/NAMRIA review; official approval/declaration; update maps and records
78[P.D. 705 – Sec. 14] Do pasture leases and permits automatically turn forest land into private or A&D land?
No; permitsse authorization do not change legal classification
79[P.D. 705 – Sec. 15] What slope threshold bars public land from being classified A&D?
18% slope or over
80[P.D. 705 – Sec. 15] Forest land with a slope of what percentage or more cannot be classified as grazing land?
50%
81[P.D. 705 – Sec. 15] When may A&D land with a slope of 18% or more avoid reverting to forest land?
If covered by an existing title or approved public-land application, or openly, continuously, adversely, and publicly occupied for at least 30 years by a person qualified for a free patent
82[P.D. 705 – Sec. 16] Can land below 18% slope still be needed for forest purposes?
Yes; slope alone does not establish A&D status
83[P.D. 705 – Sec. 16] Give examples of areas below 18% slope that may still be needed for forest purposes.
Isolated forest patches; reforested areas; ridge tops/headwaters; protective strips along waterways/shorelines; parks and sanctuaries; other public purposes
84[DENR] What does DENR stand for?
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
85[DENR] What is DENR's role in land classification?
Implements policy through central, regional, provincial, and community offices; reviews and approves; manages forests; certifies land status; coordinates with mapping authorities
86[NAMRIA] What does NAMRIA stand for?
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
87[NAMRIA] What is NAMRIA's role?
Central mapping agency providing LC-line base maps, surveys, geospatial analysis, map preparation, technical assistance, review, and mapping support
88[Land Classification Map] What does an LC map depict?
The approved boundary between classifications such as A&D land and forestland
89[Land classification vs. land cover] What is land classification?
Legal status established through authorized government action
90[Land classification vs. land cover] What is land cover?
Observed physical cover or use at a particular time, such as crops, trees, grass, or buildings
91[Land classification vs. land cover] Does a farm on forestland become A&D because it is cultivated?
No; land cover does not change legal classification
92[Land classification vs. land cover] Does a forest on A&D land automatically become forestland legally?
No; official governmental action changes legal classification
93[DAO 2022-10] Who issues ordinary LC status certification in the specified field-office arrangement?
CENRO/PENRO
94[DAO 2022-10] Who issues ordinary LC status certification in NCR?
Regional Executive Director (RED)
95[DAO 2022-10] Who issues LC status certification for judicial titling?
Chief, Surveys and Mapping Division, DENR Regional Office
96[Land classification] Which branch of government performs land-classification functions under law?
The Executive branch
97[Land classification] Can courts ordinarily classify public land?
No
98[Land classification] Can LGUs independently reclassify national public-domain land?
No; they may assist with local coordination and field access
99[Land classification] What three questions should be asked to determine if public land is A&D and disposable?
Is it public land? Is it officially classified A&D? Has it been declared open for disposition under Sec. 8?
100[Land classification] What kind of map proves legal classification?
No land-cover map proves legal classification; official government action and authoritative LC records are required
101[PD 27 – Identity] What is P.D. 27 also known as?
Tenant Emancipation Decree
102[PD 27 – Identity] When and where was P.D. 27 issued?
Manila, October 21, 1972
103[PD 27 – Identity] What is the full title of P.D. 27?
Decreeing the emancipation of tenants from the bondage of the soil, transferring to them ownership of the land they till and providing the instruments and mechanism therefor
104[PD 27 – Policy] Redress of legitimate grievances is a fundamental objective of what?
The “New Society”
105[PD 27 – Coverage] Which tenants and lands are covered by P.D. 27?
Tenant farmers on private agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn under sharecropping or lease-tenancy, whether landed estate or not
106[PD 27 – Family-size farm] What is the family-size farm for irrigated land?
3 hectares
107[PD 27 – Family-size farm] What is the family-size farm for non-irrigated land?
5 hectares
108[PD 27 – Ownership] What determines the tenant-farmer's covered ownership portion?
The family-size farm tied to the land actually cultivated by the tenant
109[PD 27 – Retention] What is the maximum landowner retention under P.D. 27?
7 hectares, only if the owner cultivates or will cultivate that area
110[PD 27 – Valuation] What is the P.D. 27 land-value formula?
2.5 times the average harvest of the three normal crop years immediately preceding promulgation
111[PD 27 – Valuation] Which years are used in the harvest average?
The three normal crop years immediately preceding promulgation
112[PD 27 – Valuation] A parcel yielded 40, 50, and 60 cavans in three normal crop years. What is the average and land value?
Average = 50 cavans; value = 2.5 × 50 = 125 cavans
113[PD 27 – Payment] What annual interest applies to the total land cost?
6% per annum
114[PD 27 – Payment] How many equal annual amortizations did P.D. 27 originally prescribe?
15 years
115[PD 27 – Payment] Which issuance extended the amortization period to 20 years?
Section 6 of Executive Order No. 228, July 17, 1987, under President Corazon C. Aquino
116[PD 27 – Default] Who pays a defaulting tenant-farmer's amortization due?
The farmer's cooperative of which the tenant is a member
117[PD 27 – Default] What right does the cooperative have against a defaulting tenant?
Right of recourse
118[PD 27 – Transfer program] What does OLT stand for?
Operation Land Transfer
119[PD 27 – Transfer program] What is Operation Land Transfer?
The orderly, systematic transfer of land from landowner to tenant-farmer under P.D. 27 and E.O. 228
120[PD 27 – Transfer program] Under what scheme may the landowner and tenant agree on direct sale terms that are not onerous?
Direct Payment Scheme (DPS)
121[PD 27 – Transfer restrictions] How may land acquired under P.D. 27 generally be transferred?
By hereditary succession or to the Government under applicable laws and regulations
122[PD 27 – Guarantee] How does the government guarantee amortizations?
Through shares of stock in government-owned and government-controlled corporations
123[PD 27 – Title] What must a tenant do before the actual title is issued?
Become a full-fledged member of a duly recognized farmer's cooperative
124[PD 27 – Implementation] Which agency may promulgate implementing rules and regulations?
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), through its Secretary
125[PD 27 – Repeal] What happens to rules inconsistent with P.D. 27?
They are repealed or modified accordingly
126[RA 3844 – Identity] What is R.A. 3844 also known as?
Agricultural Land Reform Code
127[RA 3844 – Identity] When was R.A. 3844 enacted and under which President?
August 8, 1963, under President Diosdado Macapagal
128[RA 3844 – Purpose] Which section states the purpose of the Agricultural Land Reform Code?
Section 3
129[RA 3844 – Purpose] What are the main purposes of R.A. 3844?
Abolish share tenancy; establish agricultural leasehold; equitably distribute agricultural land; provide credit, marketing, and technical services
130[RA 3844 – Policy] What kind of farming system does R.A. 3844 seek to establish?
Owner-cultivatorship
131[RA 3844 – Policy] What existence does the Code seek for small farmers?
A dignified existence free from pernicious institutional restraints and practices
132[RA 3844 – Policy] How should labor laws apply to industrial and agricultural wage earners?
Equally and without discrimination
133[RA 3844 – Components] How many main components does the Code contain?
Nine
134[RA 3844 – Components] Name the nine components of R.A. 3844.
Agricultural leasehold; agricultural labor rights; land authority; land bank; agricultural credit; agricultural productivity/technical services; unified land-reform administration; land capability survey/classificationegistration; Courts of Agrarian Relations
135[RA 3844 – Timeline] Which 1954 law first statutorily recognized tenancy rights and obligations?
R.A. 1199, Agricultural Tenancy Act
136[RA 3844 – Timeline] What systems did R.A. 1199 treat as parallel?
Share tenancy and leasehold tenancy
137[RA 3844 – Timeline] Which 1971 law amended R.A. 3844 to make leasehold conversion automatic nationwide?
R.A. 6389
138[RA 3844 – Timeline] Which 1988 law superseded and expanded earlier agrarian codes to cover all agricultural lands?
R.A. 6657, Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)
139[RA 3844 – Sec. 4] What does Section 4 abolish?
Agricultural share tenancy
140[RA 3844 – Sec. 4] What did R.A. 6389 do to leasehold conversion?
Made conversion automatic nationwide
141[RA 3844 – Sec. 5] How may an agricultural leasehold relation be established?
By operation of law, or in other cases orally or in writing, expressly or impliedly
142[RA 3844 – Secs. 6–7] Who is the agricultural lessor?
The owner, civil-law lessee, usufructuary, or legal possessor who furnishes the landholding
143[RA 3844 – Secs. 6–7] Who is the agricultural lessee?
The person who personally cultivates the landholding furnished by the lessor
144[RA 3844 – Security of tenure] What does security of tenure mean for an agricultural lessee?
The lessee may continue cultivating until leasehold lawfully ends; ejectment requires a legal ground and court authorization
145[RA 3844 – Sec. 8] Name the grounds that extinguish leasehold relation under Section 8.
Abandonment without the lessor's knowledge; voluntary surrender with 3 months' written notice; absence of a qualified successor after death/permanent incapacity
146[RA 3844 – Sec. 8] How much advance notice is required for voluntary surrender?
Three months' written notice
147[RA 3844 – Sec. 9] Does the lessee's death or permanent incapacity automatically extinguish leasehold?
No; a qualified successor may continue the leasehold
148[RA 3844 – Sec. 9] Within what period must the lessor choose a successor after the lessee's death or incapacity?
One month
149[RA 3844 – Sec. 9] In what order may a successor be selected?
Surviving spouse; eldest direct descendant by consanguinity; next eldest descendants in age order, provided the person can cultivate personally
150[RA 3844 – Sec. 9] What happens if the lessor dies or becomes permanently incapacitated?
The leasehold binds the lessor's legal heirs
151[RA 3844 – Sec. 10] Does expiration of the lease term or sale of the land extinguish leasehold?
No
152[RA 3844 – Sec. 10] What happens when leasehold land is sold or transferred?
The purchaser/transferee is subrogated to the lessor's rights and substituted to the lessor's obligations
153[RA 3844 – Sec. 11] What is the lessee's right of pre-emption?
The first opportunity to buy the landholding when the lessor decides to sell
154[RA 3844 – Sec. 11] Within how many days must pre-emption be exercised after written notice?
90 days
155[RA 3844 – Sec. 11] If several lessees cultivate different portions, what area does each lessee's pre-emption cover?
Only the area that lessee actually cultivates
156[RA 3844 – Sec. 12] What is the lessee's right of redemption?
The right to buy back land sold to a third person without the lessee's knowledge
157[RA 3844 – Sec. 12] Within what period must redemption be exercised?
Within 2 years from registration of the sale
158[RA 3844 – Sec. 12] Does the redemption period run from sale date or registration?
Registration of the sale
159[RA 3844 – Sec. 13] What must the seller submit before the Register of Deeds records a sale of leasehold land?
An affidavit stating the lessee received the Sec. 11 notice or that no agricultural lessee cultivates the land
160[RA 3844 – Sec. 14] When do pre-emption and redemption not apply to a sale for nonagricultural use?
When suitably located land is held for residential/commercial/industrial or similar use and good-faith conversion is substantially completed within 1 year of sale
161[RA 3844 – Sec. 14] If promised nonagricultural conversion is not completed, what right does the lessee have?
Repurchase on reasonable terms within 1 year after the conversion period expires
162[RA 3844 – Sec. 14] What stops the one-year repurchase period from running?
The lessee's petition to the Land Authority to acquire the land under Sec. 51(11)
163[RA 3844 – Sec. 15] What is the general rule for leasehold contract terms?
Parties may agree on terms not contrary to law
164[RA 3844 – Sec. 15] What rental term is prohibited?
Rental exceeding the Code's statutory ceiling
165[RA 3844 – Sec. 15] What forced purchases or rentals are prohibited as lease conditions?
Requiring the lessee to rent work animals/farm implements or use a store/services from the lessor or another person
166[RA 3844 – Sec. 15] May a lease require the lessee to perform unrelated work or answer for fines/deductions/assessments?
No; such terms are contrary to law, morals, or public policy
167[RA 3844 – Sec. 17] Before whom do parties acknowledge execution of a leasehold contract?
Justice of the peace of the municipality where the land is situated
168[RA 3844 – Sec. 17] Where are the third and fourth copies of a leasehold contract sent?
Third to municipal treasurer; fourth to Office of the Agrarian Counsel
169[RA 3844 – Sec. 17] When is a registered written leasehold contract conclusive between the parties?
If not impugned within 30 days after registration, except for mistake, violence, intimidation, undue influence, or fraud
170[RA 3844 – Sec. 19] Who keeps the Registry of Agricultural Leasehold Contracts?
Municipal treasurer of the municipality where the land is situated
171[RA 3844 – Sec. 26] What standard of care must the lessee use in cultivating the farm?
As a good father of a family, following proven farm practices
172[RA 3844 – Sec. 26] How many days before harvesting or threshing must the lessee notify the lessor?
At least 3 days
173[RA 3844 – Sec. 27] Whom may the lessee not employ on the landholding?
A sub-lessee; laborers may be hired on the lessee's own account during illness or temporary incapacity
174[RA 3844 – Sec. 34] What is the maximum lease rental?
25% of average normal harvest for the 3 preceding agricultural years, after allowable deductions
175[RA 3844 – Sec. 34] Which deductions are made before calculating the rental ceiling?
Seeds and harvesting, threshing, loading, hauling, and processing costs
176[RA 3844 – Sec. 39] What rights are included in the Bill of Rights for Agricultural Labor?
Self-organization; concerted activities; minimum wage; no more than 8-hour workday; damages for work-related death/injury; protection against suspension or lay-off
177[RA 3844 – Sec. 49] Who heads the Land Authority and how many deputies assist?
A President-appointed Governor with two Deputy Governors
178[RA 3844 – Sec. 49] How long do the Governor and Deputy Governors serve?
Five years
179[RA 3844 – Sec. 49] Under whose control and supervision is the Land Authority?
The President
180[RA 3844 – Sec. 66] How are covered agricultural public lands handled for distribution?
Subdivided into lots, titled to the Land Bank, and distributed by the Land Authority to qualified beneficiaries, subject to statutory exceptions
181[RA 3844 – Sec. 68] What support is provided to settlers moving to settlement areas?
Transport for people, belongings, work animals, equipment, and subsistence until credit is available
182[RA 3844 – Sec. 68] What are the terms of settler assistance loans?
Non-interest-bearing and amortized over 10 years
183[RA 3844 – Sec. 70] What do settlers receive on arrival at settlement areas?
Housing and accommodations on properly surveyed and subdivided reserved lots
184[RA 3844 – Sec. 71] What are the Land Authority's maximum sale areas for individuals and corporations?
144 hectares for individuals; 1,024 hectares for corporations
185[RA 3844 – Sec. 71] What cultivation targets apply to buyers of public land under Section 71?
Cultivate 30% within 2 years and 70% within 5 years
186[RA 3844 – Sec. 74] What does the Land Bank finance?
Government acquisition of landed estates for divisionesale and lessee purchase of the landholding from the landowner
187[RA 3844 – Sec. 78] Who administers the Land Bank special guaranty fund?
Central Bank of the Philippines
188[RA 3844 – Sec. 79] From whom may the Land Bank receive savings and time deposits?
Small landholders in whose favor public lands or Land Authority-acquired estates have been sold
189[RA 3844 – Sec. 101] Which predecessor agency was reorganized as the Agricultural Credit Administration?
Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA), established under R.A. 1821 as amended by R.A. 1285
190[RA 3844 – Sec. 102] What amount was appropriated for the Agricultural Credit Administration?
P150 million from the National Treasury
191[RA 3844 – Sec. 128] How are National Land Reform Council proclamations published?
Three weekly publications in two newspapers
192[RA 3844 – Courts] What powers do Courts of Agrarian Relations have, and what rules govern them?
Powers and prerogatives of the Court of First Instance; governed by the Rules of Court
193[RA 3844 – Institutions] What body is chaired by the Land Authority Governor and proclaims land-reform measures?
National Land Reform Council
194[RA 3844 – Institutions] What regional body is chaired by the Land Authority representative?
Regional Land Reform Committee
195[RA 3844 – Institutions] What unit assesses land for redistribution into economic family-size farms?
Land Reform Project Team
196[RA 3844 – Institutions] What fund finances cadastral surveys and registration of unregistered areas?
Special Cadastral Program Revolving Fund
197[RA 3844 – Institutions] What office assists lessees and landowners in disputes?
Office of the Agrarian Counsel
198[RA 3844 – Institutions] Who exercises the Director of the Bureau of Agricultural Extension's powers in the Agricultural Productivity Commission?
Agricultural Productivity Commissioner
199[RA 6657 – Identity] What is R.A. 6657 also known as?
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)
200[RA 6657 – Identity] When was R.A. 6657 enacted?
June 10, 1988
201[RA 6657 – Program] What program did R.A. 6657 institute?
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
202[RA 6657 – Scope] What lands does CARP generally cover?
Public and private agricultural lands regardless of tenurial arrangement or commodity, including public-domain lands suitable for agriculture
203[RA 6657 – Schedule] Within how many years was the original distribution of covered lands to be completed?
10 years from effectivity
204[RA 6657 – Features] Who may be recognized as beneficiaries under CARP?
Landless workers on the land who are willing to till it, subject to statutory qualifications
205[RA 6657 – Coverage, Sec. 4] What categories of land are covered by CARP?
A&D public-domain lands devoted or suitable to agriculture; excess public-domain lands; government-owned agricultural lands; all private agricultural lands regardless of crop
206[RA 6657 – Exclusions] What types of land are generally excluded from CARP?
Land unsuitable for agriculture; mineral, forest, residential, commercial, or industrial land; qualifying pre-June 15, 1988 non-agricultural classifications; Sec. 10 exemptions
207[RA 6657 – Luz Farms] What agricultural-related land uses were excluded from CARP as of June 15, 1988 under Luz Farms?
Lands devoted to poultry, swine, or livestock raising
208[RA 6657 – Retained land] Is land retained by an owner exempt from every provision of CARP?
No; it is excluded from acquisition and distribution, but may remain subject to leasehold provisions
209[RA 6657 – Implementing agency] What agency leads CARP implementation?
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
210[RA 6657 – Registration] Within how many days must landowners register under the Act?
180 days from effectivity
211[RA 6657 – Beneficiary registration] Which bodies coordinate beneficiary registration?
DAR and Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee (BARC)
212[RA 9700 – Identity] What is R.A. 9700 also known as?
CARPER, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms
213[RA 9700 – Effectivity] When did R.A. 9700 take effect?
July 1, 2009
214[RA 9700 – Publication] How was the effectivity publication requirement described?
Publication in at least two newspapers of general circulation
215[RA 9700 – Retention] What provision added Secs. 6-A and 6-B to R.A. 6657's retention provisions?
Section 4 of R.A. 9700
216[RA 9700 – Retention] What is the general landowner retention limit under R.A. 6657?
5 hectares
217[RA 9700 – LGUs] Under what conditions may LGUs acquiring private agricultural land qualify for a retention-limit exception?
Subject to Sec. 6-A, including first acquiring and distributing CARP-covered land and meeting statutory conditions
218[RA 9700 – Review] Within how long must DAR submit a land-size-limit review to Congress under Sec. 6-B?
Within 6 months
219[RA 9700 – Just compensation] What additional factors did R.A. 9700 include in determining just compensation?
Inflation and the valuation of comparable lands
220[RA 9700 – Award ceiling] What is the maximum agricultural land area a beneficiary may receive under the reviewer?
3 hectares
221[RA 9700 – Transfer] How long is the general prohibition on transfer of awarded land?
10 years, subject to statutory exceptions
222[RA 9700 – PARC] What does PARC stand for?
Presidential Agrarian Reform Council
223[RA 9700 – DAR decisions] Are DAR decisions immediately executory despite an appeal to the Court of Appeals?
Yes, under the reviewer’s description
224[RA 6657 – Jurisdiction] Who generally has exclusive jurisdiction over agrarian disputes concerning CARP implementation?
DAR, except matters falling under Sec. 57 of R.A. 6657
225[RA 6657 – Conversion] Which lands are not subject to conversion under the reviewer?
Irrigated and irrigable lands
226[RA 9700 – Penalties] What imprisonment range is listed for violations under Sec. 73(A), (B), (F), (G), and (H) of R.A. 6657?
3 years and 1 day to 6 years, or the statutory fine
227[RA 9700 – Penalties] What imprisonment range is listed for violations under Sec. 73(C), (D), (E), and (I) of R.A. 6657?
6 years and 1 day to 12 years, or the statutory fine
228[RA 9700 – Oversight] What committee submits periodic reports and recommendations to the Speaker of the House?
COCAR
229[RA 6657 / RA 9700 – Key dates] When was R.A. 6657 enacted?
June 10, 1988
230[RA 6657 / RA 9700 – Key dates] When was R.A. 9700 enacted?
August 7, 2009
231[RA 6657 / RA 9700 – Key dates] When did R.A. 9700 become effective?
July 1, 2009
232[Comparison – PD 27 and RA 3844] What land/crop coverage distinguishes P.D. 27 from R.A. 3844?
P.D. 27 covers private rice and corn lands; R.A. 3844 establishes leasehold and R.A. 6389 expands coverage beyond rice and corn
233[Comparison – RA 6657] How does R.A. 6657's coverage compare with P.D. 27?
R.A. 6657 covers all agricultural lands within its statutory scope, not only rice and corn
234[Comparison – PD 27 and RA 3844] What is the difference between P.D. 27's land-value multiple and R.A. 3844's rental ceiling?
P.D. 27 uses 2.5 times average harvest; R.A. 3844 caps rental at 25% of adjusted average normal harvest
235[Comparison – Pre-emption and redemption] What is the key difference between pre-emption and redemption?
Pre-emption is the first chance before sale (90 days after written notice); redemption buys back after an unnotified sale (2 years from registration)
236[Comparison – Land title] Under P.D. 27, when is a tenant deemed owner and when is title issued?
Ownership is deemed under the decree; title waits until full membership in a recognized farmer's cooperative
237[Comparison – Land classification] Does a long period of occupation alone make public land private or A&D?
No; official classification and the requirements of a lawful acquisition mode are necessary
238[C.A. 141 – Modes of disposition] What are the four lawful modes of disposing of public agricultural land?
Homestead settlement; sale; lease; confirmation of imperfect/incomplete title through judicial or administrative legalization
239[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What is the maximum homestead area under the Constitution-based rule?
12 hectares, reduced from the former 24 hectares
240[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What are the basic age, citizenship, and family requirements for a homestead applicant?
Filipino citizen, at least 18 years old, and head of a family
241[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What residence requirement applies to a homestead applicant?
At least 1 year in the municipality where the land is located or an adjacent municipality
242[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What fraction of homestead land must be cultivated within 5 years?
One-fifth (1/5)
243[C.A. 141 – Homestead] What are the exceptions allowing a married woman to make a homestead entry?
She is separated and not dependent on her husband; her husband is insane or physically incapacitated; or he is imprisoned for a term preventing residence compliance
244[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] What is the sequence for obtaining a sales patent?
Apply to DENR → appraisal/public auction → sealed bidding → successful bidder pays → sales patent issued
245[C.A. 141 – Sales patent] What must a sales-patent buyer continue to show until final payment?
Actual occupancy, cultivation, and improvement of at least one-fifth of the land
246[C.A. 141 – Lease, Secs. 33–43] May a public-land lessee assign, encumber, or sublet the lease without required consent?
No; consent of the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce is required, and violation voids the contract
247[C.A. 141 – Lease] Does a public-land lease authorize removal of valuable timber, stone, oil, coal, salts, minerals, or medicinal mineral waters?
No, subject to applicable forestry regulations and statutory provisions
248[C.A. 141 – Lease] What may happen if a lessee wastes the land or violates forestry regulations?
Forfeiture of the last rent payment, immediate dispossession, and a damages suit
249[C.A. 141 – Lease] How is a public-land lease awarded?
DENR application/evaluation → public bidding → highest bidder selected → lease agreement executed
250[C.A. 141 – Lease] What document is given to the highest bidder?
Certificate/Notice of Award together with the Lease Contract/Agreement
251[C.A. 141 – Lease] How often may government reappraise lease rental?
Every 10 years
252[C.A. 141 – Lease, Sec. 38] Who owns buildings and permanent improvements when the lease finally expires?
The Government
253[C.A. 141 – Lease, Sec. 43] What option may a qualified, compliant lessee have during the lease?
An option to purchase the leased land, subject to Chapter V restrictions
254[C.A. 141 – Imperfect title] What is the possession requirement for confirmation of imperfect title in this reviewer?
Open, continuous, and adverse occupation and cultivation for at least 30 years
255[C.A. 141 – Judicial legalization] What is the process for judicial confirmation of imperfect title?
Petition in RTC → DENR survey/status verification → court decree of confirmation → Register of Deeds issues title
256[C.A. 141 – Free Patent] What are the two Free Patent types discussed?
Agricultural Free Patent and Residential Free Patent
257[C.A. 141 – Agricultural Free Patent] What historical occupation date is stated for Agricultural Free Patent eligibility?
June 12, 1945, or earlier
258[C.A. 141 – Residential Free Patent] What are the maximum residential lot sizes under R.A. 10023?
200 sq m in highly urbanized cities; 500 sq m in other cities; 1,000 sq m in municipalities
259[C.A. 141 – Free Patent] What possession periods are stated for agricultural and residential Free Patents?
Agricultural: at least 30 years; residential: at least 10 years
260[C.A. 141 – Free Patent] What is the Free Patent application process?
Apply to DENR/PENRO/CENRO → survey and verify A&D status → submit proof of possession/cultivation → patent granted if requirements are met
261[C.A. 141 – Free Patent vs. CLOA] What is the difference between a Free Patent and a CLOA?
A patent disposes of public land; a CLOA awards government-distributed land under agrarian reform and may serve as Land Bank collateral
262[C.A. 141 – Sec. 60] What is the general maximum area for non-agricultural productive-purpose land under Title III?
144 hectares, subject to the stated statutory exceptions
263[C.A. 141 – Sec. 60] What condition applies to the area leased or purchased for a non-agricultural purpose?
It must be reasonably necessary for the approved purpose
264[C.A. 141 – Sec. 62] What must happen before government-reclaimed land is divided into lots and blocks?
It must be surveyed, and the Secretary must approve the Director of Lands' subdivision plan
265[C.A. 141 – Sec. 62] How may reclaimed lots not needed for public purposes be used?
They may be leased for commercial, industrial, or similar purposes after public notice
266[C.A. 141 – Sec. 62] What construction obligation applies to lessees of reclaimed land?
Build permanent improvements suited to the approved purpose
267[C.A. 141 – Sec. 69] Which entities may receive government land for educational, charitable, or similar public purposes?
A province, municipality, government branch, or subdivision
268[C.A. 141 – Sec. 69] May land granted for public/social purposes ordinarily be alienated or encumbered?
No, unless a statutory exception or required authorization applies
269[C.A. 141 – Institutional purposes] What institutions may receive public land for institutional purposes?
Cemeteries, churches, colleges, schools, universities, and educational, charitable, philanthropic, or scientific-research institutions
270[C.A. 141 – Institutional purposes] What is the maximum area for an institutional land grant?
96 hectares, limited to the area actually and reasonably necessary
271[C.A. 141 – Institutional purposes] What restrictions apply to buyers/lessees and successors of institutional land?
They cannot sell, transfer, encumber, or lease for speculation or use the land for a purpose different from the application, except with legally required approval
272[C.A. 141 – Institutional purposes] What is the consequence of violating institutional land-use conditions?
Immediate rescission of sale/lease and forfeiture of existing improvements to the Government
273[C.A. 141 – Town sites, Sec. 73] Who directs subdivision of a town site after required recording and legal proceedings?
Director of Lands, following the Secretary's instructions
274[C.A. 141 – Town sites, Sec. 74] What does a town-site plat designate?
Commercial and industrial lots, residence lots, identified private lots, and numbered lots under a general plan
275[C.A. 141 – Town sites] May the President reserve an undisposed town-site lot after subdivision?
Yes, whenever public interest requires
276[C.A. 141 – Town sites] What is the general sale method for town-site lots?
Public auction to the highest bidder after due notice and approvalecording of the plat
277[C.A. 141 – Town sites] What is the minimum bid for a town-site lot?
At least two-thirds (2/3) of the appraised value
278[C.A. 141 – Town sites] If a town-site lot remains unsold after repeated public auction, how may it be sold?
The Director of Lands may sell privately for at least two-thirds of appraised value
279[C.A. 141 – Town sites, Sec. 80] Where do proceeds from town-site lot sales go?
Philippine Treasury (general funds), not the local town or selling office
280[C.A. 141 – Town sites, Sec. 81] Without specific approval, how many residence lots and commercial/industrial lots may one buyer purchase in a town site?
No more than 2 residence lots and 2 commercial/industrial lots
281[C.A. 141 – Town sites, Sec. 82] What legislative power applies to town-site dispositions?
The Legislature may modify, alter, rescind, repeal, annul, or cancel dispositions and impose conditionseservations
282[C.A. 141 – Reservations] Who may designate public-domain land as a reservation by proclamation upon the Secretary's recommendation?
The President
283[C.A. 141 – Reservations] Give examples of public or quasi-public reservations.
Highways, railroad rights-of-way, hydraulic power sites, irrigation systems, communal pastures, parks, public quarries/fishponds, workingmen's villages, and public-benefit improvements
284[C.A. 141 – Sec. 86] Where are copies of presidential reservation proclamations sent?
Director of Lands for record and Register of Deeds of the province/city
285[C.A. 141 – Sec. 86] What happens if reserved land has not been surveyed?
The Director of Lands orders an immediate survey
286[C.A. 141 – Sec. 88] What is the legal status of reserved land until it is again declared alienable?
Non-alienable and not subject to occupation, entry, sale, lease, or other disposition
287[C.A. 141 – Conflicts] Name common public-land legal conflicts listed in the reviewer.
Overlapping Free Patent/title claims; ancestral-domain conflicts; surveyegistration errors; reclassificationeversion disputes; public-use/private claims; fraudulent claims; national projects vs. local communities
288[C.A. 141 – Amendments] What did R.A. 6940 do according to the reviewer?
Extended the agricultural Free Patent application deadline to December 31, 2000
289[C.A. 141 – Amendments] What did R.A. 9176 do according to the reviewer?
Extended the Free Patent filing deadline to December 31, 2020
290[C.A. 141 – Amendments] What did R.A. 730 address according to the slides?
Free Patents for natural-born Filipinos in urban areas with 30 years' continuous possession
291[C.A. 141 – Amendments] What did R.A. 9406 address according to the reviewer?
Guidelines on alienation of public agricultural lands, procedures, and DENR's role
292[C.A. 141 – Environmental laws] What environmental laws are listed as affecting C.A. 141?
P.D. 1586 (EIS System); R.A. 7586 as amended by R.A. 11038 (NIPAS); R.A. 8371 (IPRA); P.D. 705 (Forestry Reform Code); R.A. 9147 (Wildlife); R.A. 9275 (Clean Water); R.A. 9003 (Solid Waste)
293[RA 6657 – Compensation] What principle governs payment to landowners for land acquired under CARP?
Just compensation
294[RA 6657 – Distribution] What support does CARP provide to beneficiaries?
Support services alongside land distribution
295[RA 6657 – Tenure] What mechanisms does CARL recognize for tenurial security?
Leasehold, stock distribution option, and production/profit sharing
296[RA 6657 – Titles] What is CLOA?
Certificate of Land Ownership Award
297[RA 9700 – Priorities] During what period does the review list the R.A. 9700 priority period?
July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2014
298[RA 9700 – Conversion] Within what period must an approved conversion plan be implemented, according to the reviewer?
Within 5 years of approval
299[RA 9700 – Conversion] What may happen if an approved conversion plan is not implemented within 5 years due to the landowner's fault?
The conversion approval may be revoked or the land may revert to agrarian-reform coverage under the applicable rule
300[RA 9700 – Payment] What institution receives beneficiary amortization payments under CARP?
Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP)