1How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?
According to atomic structure and atomic number
2What is the structure of an atom?
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons
3How do atoms form compounds?
By reacting and forming ionic compounds or molecules
4What is an ionic bond?
A bond where a metal transfers electrons to a non-metal
5What is a covalent bond?
A bond where non-metals share electrons to form molecules
6What are polyatomic ions?
Ions composed of multiple atoms bonded together with a charge
7What is the formula of carbonate?
CO₃²⁻
8What is the formula of sulfate?
SO₄²⁻
9What is corrosion?
A chemical reaction that degrades metals, like rusting of iron
10How can we test for carbon dioxide?
By using limewater, which turns milky with CO₂
11What is the formula of rust?
Fe₂O₃·xH₂O
12What is a combustion reaction?
A reaction where a substance burns, releasing energy
13What is a precipitate?
A solid formed from a reaction in solution
14What is an indicator?
A substance that changes color to show acidity or basicity
15What is the pH scale?
A scale from 0-14 indicating acidity (below 7), neutrality (7), or basicity (above 7)
16What is an acid?
A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution
17What is a base?
A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution
18What is neutralization?
A reaction where an acid and base produce salt and water
19How do acids react with metals?
They produce hydrogen gas and a salt
20What are common acids?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃)
21What are common bases?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonia (NH₃), potassium hydroxide (KOH)
22How can you identify metals on the Periodic Table?
Metals are typically on the left side of the table
23What is valency?
The combining power of an element based on its electron configuration
24What do the Periodic Table groups indicate?
The number of valence electrons in an element
25What do the Periodic Table periods indicate?
The number of electron shells in an element
26What is the law of conservation of mass?
The mass of reactants equals the mass of products in a reaction
27How do you balance a chemical equation?
By ensuring equal numbers of each atom on both sides
28What is photosynthesis?
A reaction where plants convert sunlight, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen
29What is respiration?
A reaction where glucose and oxygen produce energy, CO₂, and water
30What is the product of a decomposition reaction of water?
Hydrogen and oxygen gas through electrolysis
31How are salts formed?
From the neutralization of an acid and a base