Topic 3

-Attached to skeleton
-Responsible for heat produced by the body
-Under voluntary control
-Connected w tendons

-Lining of organs
-Involuntary
-Contract and often move things around
-Spindle shaped

-Makes heart beat
-Under involuntary control from ANS
-Found in the walls of the heart

-Nerve impulse is sent to the muscle
-Releases Ca ions
-Ca moves "lock ribbon" on actin and exposes the myosin binding sites
-Myosin heads use ATP to reach and sweep the actin
-Myosin uses another ATP to get back into a ready position

-Damage to muscle cells
-Muscles may not heal properly, due to lost protiens

LOWER PROTIEN = Weak Muscle

Stronger, create more

1.External Gas Exchange
-Brings air into lungs
-O2 diffuses and CO2 diffuses from blood to air

2.Circulatory System
-Transports blood high in O2 and low in CO2, from the lungs to the tissues

3.Internal Gas Exchange
-Diffuses O2 from capillaries into body cells
-O2 breaks glucose

4.Circulatory System
-Transports blood high in CO2 and low in O2 to lungs

-Rib Muscles contract, pulling ribs up/down
-Diaphram contracts, straightens/lowers, enlarges the chest cavity
-Abdominal muscles relax and compress the contents while diaphram lowers

-Rib muscles relax
-Draphram relaxes and goes to original position
-Abdominal muscles contract and push organs up against the diaphram
-Fibres shrink and force the air out

-Dome shaped organ
-Bottom of throacic cavity
-Contracts and flattens when you inhale
-Relaxes and gets smaller when you inhale

-Raises rib cage and expand thoracic cavity
-Contract and move ribcage up/down
-Volume of thorax goes up while pressure goes down

-Aid in exhalation and inhalation
-Breaths are highly coordinated

-Cover lungs, are ourside part of lungs
-Secrete lube mucus to help lungs move freely

Happens when air enters the pleural space, can cause a lung to collapse

-# of times you breathe per minute
-16 to 24 times per minute
-Controlled by chemical receptors and nerves

-Sensitive to CO2 levels and acid in the blood
-Detect CO2 in blood, the medulla oblongata relays messages to the diaphram and ribs to bring up breathing

A brochus exptends to each long, they divide into bronchioles. The ends contain alveoli, which are thin, elastic, moist tissues that allow easier inhalation. Alveoli are covered in capillaries from the pulmonary circulation.

Gasses are exchanged by diffusion, the alveoli make more surface area needed for gas exchange.

Lungs allow ai into the body and release CO2 when breathed out.

-Pulmonary artery transports blue blood to lungs
-Capillaries surround alveoli
-Air in alveoli and blood contain gases in different concentrations
-Diffusion occurs through the thing membranes
-O2 diffuses from air into the blood
-CO2 diffuses from blood into air

-Gasses diffuse due to diffusion
-As air moves into respritory system and blood moves thru circulatory system, partial pressure changes due to cell resp
-O2 is used up CO2 is produced
-Accounts for diffusion of O2 into lungs from air into tissues
-CO2 goes the opposite way

-O2 cannot dissolve in plasma, so hemoglobin in RBC carry it
-Hemoglobin releases O2 when concentration is super low
-O2 diffuses and then reaches the cells

-Transported from body tissues where its produced, to the lungs
1. 9% of CO2 dissolves in plasma
2. 27% joins hemoglobin
3. 64% is carried to lungs as bicarbonate ions

-Buffering effect of hemoglobin
-H+ ions bind and buffer the acid of carbonic acid and removes O2 from hemoglobin when needed
-WHen blood returns to the lungs, it adds O2