Topic 3

Breaking down glucose to create energy from ATP

To make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)

To make energy bitch

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP

In the bonds of molecules. As bonds break, energy is released.

-Basic energy currency of the cell
-Used to transfer energy
-Provides energy for protein syntheses and muscle contraction

-Occurs in the precense of O2
-Begins in the cytoplasm and ends in the Mitochondria

-Occurs without O2
-Stays in the cytoplasm and only produces 2 ATP

5 carbon sugar
Nitrogen base
3 phosphate molecules

AMP -> ADP -> ATP

-Powerhouse of the cell, produces large quantities of ATP
-Outer membrane and Inner Membrane
Contain their own DNA (MTDNA) and can reproduce itself

-Stage 1 of both Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration
-Is a series of 10 chemical reactions
-Breaks glucose into two small molecules called pyruvate
-Does not require oxygen
-2 NAD react with hydrogen ions and become NADH
-Energy builds up and releases as 4 ATP (including net gain)
-Occurs in the cytoplasm

-Stage 2
-Occurs in the Matrix
1. A CO2 molecule is removed from each pyruvate and released as a waste product.
2. Carbon portions are oxidized and become NADH
3. Coenzyme A forms Acetyl-CoA

-Stage 3
Each acetyl CoA produces
-2 CO2 Molecules
-3 NADH
-1 FADH2
-1 ATP

NADH and FADH2 enter stage four, while CO2 is excreted

-Stage 4
-NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons
-Oxygen is vital
-Large emounts of energy are released and used to pump H+ ions across the intermembrane space
-Flow through ATP Synthase to product ATP
-32 ATP molecules are produced in Stage 4

-In yeast and other organisms, anaerobic resp produces ALCOHOL and CO2
-Pyruvate is converted
-NADH reduces the converted Pyruvate into Alcohol
-Recycles NAD+ which helps continue glycolysis

-During hard excersize, muscles demand more energy
-In animal cells, glucose is broken down producting Lactic Acid and 2 ATP w/o O2
-Recycles NAD+
-Lactic acid causes the burning sensation, stiffness, and fatigue in muscles after excersize

How much exertion can your body handle until lactic acid production spikes.