Topic 1

Study of chemical processes in living organisms & cells.

Sum of chemical reactions that take place within cells.

Builds polymers from monomers, requires energy,

Breaks large chemicals down, produces energy (exothermic)

0-0-0 (-H) + 0 (-OH) -> 0-0-0-0 + h2o

0-0-0-0 + h2o -> h2o + 0-0-0 + 0

Classified by # of sugar units they contain, most important source of energy in the body

Glucose, Fructose, Galaclose

(combo of monosaccarides) Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose

(union of many monosaccarides) Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

It has a bond our enzymes are unable to break.

It allows bowl movement and to form tissue. Also signals cells.

Energy storage and Structural Material

ex. Horomones, cell membrances, surrounding nerve fibers, protect organs, insulation..

Made of hydropholic head/tail, selectively permeable

Fat molecules.
Ratio is 3:1
2 types,
UnSaturated (One or more double bonds, made of plant oil and is liquid at room temp. HDL)
Saturated (No double bonds, made of animal fat and solic at room temp. LDL)

Four carbon ringed molecules. Ex is Cholesteral

20 amino acids! 8 are essential.

Elements are, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Units are joined by dehydration synthesis

Polypeptide

Horomones, skin & muscle tissue, enzymes, antibodies

They strain the liver

Different sequences and # of amino acids, determined by genes of the chromosones

Temperary change in shape of the protein.

Protein may uncoil or assume a new shape.

Can resume original shape once physical/chemical factor is removed.

Permanent change in the shape of the protein.

Once physical/chemical factor is removed, the protein cannot resume its original shape.

Composed of proteins and are organic helpers for reactions.

Form when temperary bonds are formed with a substrate that are going to undergo a reaction.

Lock n Key Model, Induced Fit Model

Organic molecules, synthesized from vitimins

Inorganic molecules, Metals

-Enzymes have an optimal temperature
-Reaction rate increases as temperature increases
-If it goes over optimal temperature, it drops

Optimal pH is 6-8
Can create differemt shapes

-Enzymes can be affected by concentration
-Greater the molevule, greater the # of collisions due to surface area

-Molecules w similar shape/size can compete
-Enzymes wont be able catalyze

-Effects of a reaction slow/stop the reaction
-The final product inhibits or stops the enzyme.