Topic 2

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

-Occurs in the leaves
-VITAL TO ALL LIFE
-Requires Solar Energy no matter what!

Sunlight Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Green pigment that captures light energy. Thylakoid membrane changed colour to green due to the strength of pigment.

-Radiant energy is trapped and converted into ATP and NADPH
-H2O is split
-Occurs in the lumen of the thylakoid Membrance

-Energy stored in the ATP and NADPH made during the reaction fuel the calvin cycke
-Calvin cycle converts CO2 into glucose

C6 H12 O6

Main source of metabolic energy. Is a carbohydrate (monosaccaride)

-Light dependant Reaction
-Sunlight breaks H2O into O2 and H+ Ions
-Located across the thylakoid membrane, with Photosystems II and I attached
-Electrons produced are transfered to a chlorophyll molecule

-Electrons pull H+ ions as they go across the photosystems transport chain
-NADP turns into NADPH
-Excited electrons are removed from the photosystem and pass to another molecular complex

{PS2}-------{PS1}

-Process of where ATP is generated through the movement of H+ down the concentration gradient
-Active transport system
-Drives ATP Synthase
-Occurs in the Thylakoid Membrance

-Final stage of photosynthesis
-In the stroma
-NADPH contrubutes electron and H+ ions
-ATP contributes energy to convert CO2 into sugar w 3 carbon atoms
-End result is glucose !

EVERY LIVING THING ON EARTH DEPENDS ON THE CALVIN CYCLE !

Water loses electrons

CO2 gains electrons

Moves up the concentration gradient.

Low -> High
Costs w/ ATP

Moves down the concentration gradient.

High -> Low
Spreads out until balanced

-Organelle responsible for photosynthesis activity
-Green due to the presense of chlorophyll

Stack of Thylakoids

-Sight of light dependant reactions
-Absorbs sunlight

-Varying functions
-Chemical energy is stored in the chemical bonds

Example is glucose, as it converted Solar energy in the presence of CO2.

-NADP+ accepts a H atom to form NADPH
-Transfers electrons to the light dependant reactions
-Can donate electrons to become NADP+ again

-3 high energy Phosphate bonds
-One of the most important energy molecules in living cells
-Used in a multitude of biochemical reactions
-A phosphate molecule is removed from ADP to become ATP
-Moves chromosomes, synthesises compunds
-Provides active transport of ions and molecules across cell membranes