1Definition of Human Behavior
Product of factors that cause a person to act in predictable ways
2Basic Human Needs
Physiological
Security
Belonging
Self-Esteem
Cognitive- Understand what is going on around you
Aesthetic- Needs connect directly w/ human emotion
Self- Actualization
3What are Defense Mechanisms
Subconscious ego-protecting reactions to unpleasant situations
4What are the different Defense Mehcanism
(DDF CPRRR)
Denial, Displacement, Fantasy, Compensation, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction formation, Repression
5What is anxiety
Feeling of nervousness worry or unease about something that is going to happen
6How can instructors ease anxiety
(TRN a leaf)
Teach to cope w/ fear
Reinforce students enjoyment of flying
Normal reaction, rather than ignore
73 Basic elements of comuniction
SSR
Source, Symbol, Reciever
83 Characteristics of receivers that instructors have to understand
(EAA sports)
Experiences, Attitudes, Abilities
9Barriers to Communication
(COIL)
Confusion between symbol and symbolized object
Overuse of abstractions
Interference
Lack of common experience
10Definition of the Learning Theory
A body of principle that explains how people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes
11When has a student learned
When there is a change of behavior has occurred as a result of experience
12Two Learning Theories
Behaviorism- reinforcing desired behaviors by shaping or controlling what is learned
Cognitive-What is going on in the students mind. The process of thinking and learning
13Why are perceptions important to learning
People need to give meaning to external stimuli or sensations in order to learn
14Factors that effect perception
(PET SG)
Physical organism
Element of Threat
Time & opportunity
Self-concept
Goals & values
15Define Insight
Grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes
16How can an instructor help with insight
(HPH)
Help student see how pieces relate to each other
Provide secure environment
Help maintain favorable self concept
17How do students acquire knowledge
(MUA)
Memorization
Understanding
Application
18Laws of Learning
(REEPIR)
Readiness, Exercise, Effect, Primacy, Intensity, Recency
193 Domains of Learning
(CAP)
Cognitive
Affective
Psyschomotor
204 Levels of Learning
(RUAC)
Rote
Understanding
Application
Correlation
21Characteristics of Learning
(PEMA)
Purposeful
Experience
Multifacted
Active Process
223 Stages of Acquiring Skill Knowledge
(CAA)
Cognitive
Associative
Automatic
23What is a Learning Plateau
A phenomenon where progress slows or stops before increasing
243 Type of Practice
Deliberate
Blocked
Random
25Two Kinds of Errors
Slip- Plans to do something and does something else
Mistake- Plans to do the wrong thing and is successful
26Define Memory
Ability for people to encode, store, and retrieve information
27What are the 3 types of memory
Sensory Memory- Recieves and processes input from enviorment according to preconceded conceprt of what is important
Short Term
Long Term
28Retrieval of Memory and threats to remembering
Frequency
Recency
Lack of understanding
29Why do Students Forget
(FIRR)
Fading
Interference
Repression
Retrieval Failure
30What Helps Facilitate the Retention of Learning
(PAASR)
Praise
Association
Attitude
Senses
Repeition
31How can Instructors Help Students to Remember Information
Teach Difference between short and long term memory
Frequent and recent usage of knowledge
Deepen their level of understanding
Mnemonic Devices
Do not cram, spaced intervals
324 Teaching Skills of an Instructor
(Be like PAMS)
People skills
Assessment skills
Management skills
Subject matter expertise
334 Steps involved in Teaching Process
(Is my instruction on PPAR)
Preparation
Presentation
Application
Review and Evaluation
34What Elements should a Lesson Plan include
OCSEISC
Objective
Content
Schedule
Equipment
Instructor Action
Student Action
Review & Evaluation
35What is the Organization for a Lesson
IDC
Introduction
-----Attention, Motivation Overview (AMO)
Development
Conclusion
36Two Types of Learning Objectives
Performance Based Objectives- What needs to be done and how it will be done
Decision Based Objectives-Teach critical thinking skills. Scenario training
37Teaching Methods
Lecture, Guided Discussion, E-Learning, Demonstration Performance, Drill and Practice Method, Problem- Based Learning
385 Phases of Demonstration Performance Method
Explanation
Demonstration
Student Performance
Instructor Supervision
Evaluation
39Characteristic of an Effective Assesment
FAST COCO
Flexible
Acceptable
Specific
Thoughtful
Comprehensive
Objective
Constructive
Organized
402 Categories of Assesment
Traditional- Multiple choice, true-false, etc
Authentic- Performing real world tasks
41Characteristics of Effective Questions
Apply to the subject
Are brief and concise
Are adapted to ability, experience, and stage of student
Center on one idea (who, what, where)
Present challenge to student
42What should Oral Assessments Avoid
(POTBIT)
Puzzle
Oversize
Toss up
Bewilderment
Irrelevant
Trick
435 Responsibilities of all flight instructors
(HEEAD the warnings)
Help student learn
Emphasize the positive
Ensure aviation safety
Adequate Instruction
Demand standards of performance
44Additional Responsibilities of a flight instructor
Evaluate student ability, Pilot Supervision, Practical Test recommendation, Endorse, Pilot Proficiency, Responsibility to see and avoid, Student pre-solo flight though process
45Why is it important to use standards of performance
To measure performance against standards
Bring self satisfaction
46How to provide adequate instruction to students
Tailor methods of instruction to students
Analyze students personality, thinking, ability
47How to minimize student frustration
(MACKBAG)
Motivate student
Approach as individuals
Criticize Constructively
Keep Students informed
Be consistent
Admit errors
Give credit when due
48Professionalism Characteristics
SADSAPS
Sincere
Appearance
Demeanor
Safety (IMSAFE, collision avoidance)
Acceptance of each other
Proper language
Self-improvement
49How to evaluate student ability to perform procedure
Establish Standards for students level of experience
Consider mastery of elements
Keep student informed of progress
Don't immediately correct student error
50How can instructors improve as teachers
Continuing education
Have up to date sources of material
51Common Obstacles to Learning
(PAWFIA)
Physical discomfort/illness
Anxiety
Worry/lack of interest
Feeling of unfair treatment
Impatience
Apathy due to inadequate instruction
52Purpose of Distractions
Determine the students ability to cope w/ distractions and maintain control of the aircraft
53What is Integrated Flight Instruction
A technique were students are taught to use visual and instrument reference to person a maneuver, from the beginning
54What is ADM
The systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in a response in a given set of circumstances
55What is the DECIDE model
Detect
Estimate
Choose
Identify
Do
Evaluate
563 P's
1.Perceive (PAVE)
2.Process (CARE)
Consequence of each hazard
Alternatives available
Reality of situation
External Pressure
3. Perform (TEAM)
Transfer
Eliminate
Accept
Mitigate
57What Risk Assessment
Weigh potential risks with possible benefit of those risks
Is a decision making process designed to identify hazards systematically assess the degree of risk & determine the best course of action
58Define SRM
Art & Science of managing all the resources (before, on board, and during the flight) available to a single pilot
595 P'S
Plan, Plane, Pilot, Passengers, Programming
60Hazardous Attitudes
(AIMIR)
Anti authority
Impulsitivty
Macho
Invulnerability
Resignation
61Six steps in Risk Management
Identify the hazard
Assess the risk
Analyze risk control measures
Make control decisions
Implement risk controls
Supervise and review