Exam 1

the identification of chemical compounds or elements present in a sample

the determination of the amount of compound or element present in a sample

characterization of the entire sample

characterization of the surface of a sample

analysis by volume

analysis by mass

a substance to be measured in a given sample

everything else in the sample

same chemical composition throughout

composition varies from region to region within the sample

X-ray, Fluorescence, AAS

NMR, IR, MS

Different structures with the same molecular formula

Nonsuperimposable mirror-image isomers

The quantity of an analyte in a given volume or mass of sample

contains all the reagents used to prepare the sample

similar in chemical composition to the sample but without the analyte

It assures the analyst that none of the reagents themselves contribute to the final reported value of analyte in the sample

To correct for an overlapping spectral line from the matrix

reflects the true value and distribution of analyte in the original material

Quantitative amount of a test portion of sample solution

grinding, chopping, milling, and cutting

samples taken at a single point in time

samples taken over a period of time or from different locations

burning an organic material in air or oxygen

how close a measurement is to the true value

how close a measurement is to others achieved the same way

caused by faults in the analytical procedure or the instruments used in the analysis

sources cannot be identified, avoided, or corrected

the middle number in a series of measurements arranged increasing order

the value that occurs the most frequently

the difference between the highest and the lowest values

degree of reproducibility of results by one laboratory under different conditions

reliable accuracy and precision under small changes in condition

a result that is far from other results

random signals from the recorded signal and baseline

the process of establishing the relationship between the measured signals and known concentrations of analyte

the lowest concentration of an analyte that can be detected

the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be determined quantitatively with a given accuracy and precision

distance from crest to crest

the number of times a wave passes a point per unit of time

the height of the crest or depth of the trough

the quantitative measurement of radiation intensity

calibration with standards, method of standard addition, and internal standard calibration

Source, wavelength selection device, sample holder, detector, display device, and readout

highest occupied molecular orbital

lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

part of a molecule that gives rise to an absorption

shift to longer wavelength

shift to shorter wavelength

increase in intensity in the absorption band

decrease in intensity in the absorption band

Known amount of a compound, different from analyte, added to the unknown