1What is Blood?
connective tissue
2What is Dr Gayles favorite definition of tissues
All Tissues are made of Cells and Extracellular matrix (ECM)- which is ground substance and protiens
3Red Blood Cell (RBC)
Erythrocytes
4White Blood Cell (WBC)
Leukocytes
6What are the 3 formed elements of the Blood?
RBC, WBC, and platelets
7What is the ECM of the blood?
Plasma (fluid ground substance and dissolved fibrous protiens)
8What is the percentage of RBCs in whole blood? (term and percentage)
Hematocrit (45%)
9What is the Blood composition?
Plasma 55%, Buffy Coat <1% (WBC/platelets), and Erythrocytes 45%
10average blood pH
7.4 +/- 0.05
11Average blood volume
5 L (liters)
12Functions of Blood
transportation, regulation, and protection
13Composition of Blood Plasma
Water 90% and Solutes 10%
14What are the solutes of plasma?
nutrients, gases, plasma protiens, hormones, wastes, and electrolytes
15What makes the greatest fraction of the solutes?
Plasma protiens (8%) produced by the liver
16List 3 plasma protiens
albumin, globilin, and fibrinogen
17Albumin
60%- carrier, buffer, osmoregulating protien
18Globulins
36%- antibodies
19Fibrinogen
4%- blood clotting
20Average size of a RBC
7.5 micro meters
21Describe RBC
lack nucleus and organelles; filled with hemoglobin; contribute to blood viscosity
22Main function of RBCs
Respiratory Gas Transport
23Average Hemoglobin Count
15g/100ml
24Average RBC count
5 million cells/ micro L
25Hemoglobin is composed….
of four polypeptide chains (2 alpha and 2 beta) with one heme each
26Blood Cell Formation
Hematopoiesis
27Common Stem Cell
Hemocytoblast
28RBC formation
Erythropoiesis (15 days)
29Immature RBCs
Reticulocytes
30Each Heme contains one central ______ _____
iron atom (binds one O2)
31Each Hemoglobin molecule can transport _____
4 oxygen molecules
32Reticulocytes leave the _____ ____ ________ and mature within ___
red bone marrow and enter blood stream; 2 days
33Life Span of Erythrocytes
120 days
34What is the graveyard of RBCs?
Spleen
35Anemia
reduced oxygen carrying capacity (low RBC count)
36Polycythemia
excess of RBCs
37Normal WBC count
4,000-10,000 cells/ micro liter
38Fucntion of WBC
defense agaisnt disease
39Leukocytosis
WBC > 11,000 cell/micro liter
40What are the 3 Granulocytes?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
41What are the two Agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and Monocytes
42Neutrophil
50-70%; phagocytize bacteria
43Eosinophil
2-4%; can kill parasite, inactivate allergens
44Basophil
.5-1%; secrete histamine (vasodilation) and heparin (anticoagulant)
45Lymphocyte
25-45%; immune response by directly attacking infected and tumor cells (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells)
46Monocytes
3-8%; migrate into tissues and become macrophages- phagocytosis)
47WBC formation
Leukopoiesis
48Leukopenia
low white blood cell count (cell count < 4,000 cellsL)
49Leukemia
cancer of WBC line
50What are platelets?
Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes (life span of 10 days)
51Platelet main function
blood clotting
52Normal count of platelets
150,000- 400,000 cells/ micro L
53Thrombus
clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel
54Thrombosis
formation of a thrombus
55Embolus
thrombus that broke loose and frelly floats in bloodstream
56Embolism
Embolus obstructing a vessel (ex. pulmonary or cerebral embolism)