Respiratory Ch 22

Supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2

mechanical process causing gas flow INTO and OUT of the lungs according to volume changes in thoracic cavity

O2/CO2 exchange between air in lungs and blood (pulmonary arteries)

O2 and CO2 exchange between blood (capillaries) and body tissues

ATP production in the mitochondria

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and branches, lungs

Respiratory passageways that convey air; filter, warm, and humidify incoming air

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli; site of gas exchange

Olfactory Mucosa (receptors for smell) and Respiratory Mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; cilia move mucus to throat)

filter, warm, and moisten

lighten the skull, secrete mucus, and help to warm and moisten air

Rhinitis

Inflammation of nasal mucosa

Sinusitis

Infection of paranasal sinuses

Muscular funnel-shaped tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx

Superior to soft palate; air passageway only

from level of soft palate to epiglottis; air and food passageway

posterior to epiglottis; air and food passageway

provides open airway, routes food and air into proper channels, produces sound (vocal cords)

vocal folds that vibrate to produce sound

vocal folds together with opening between them

Superior folds (false vocal cords) that help to close glottis during swallowing

C-shaped cartilage rings;prevent collasping of trachea which allows esopahgus to expand during swallowing

last cartilage ring before trachea splits into primary bronchi

smooth muscle that connects posterior parts of cartilage

Mucosa, Submucosa, Adventitia

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

connective tissue with seromucous glands

outermost layer- connective tissue

Naris- Nasal Cavity- Nasopharynx- Oropharynx- Laryngopharynx- Larynx- Trachea- Primary Bronchus- Secondary Bronchus- Tertiary Bronchus- Multiple Bronchi- Bronchioles- Terminal Bronchiole- Respiratory Bronchiole- Alveolar Duct- (Alveolar Sac)- Alveolus- Respiratory Membrane- Pulmonary Capillary

Main site of GAS exchange; 140 m2 surface area for gas exchange- approx. 400 million

Cartilage rings become irregular playes; Epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to simple cuboidal; Cilia and goblet cells become sparse

forms helical bands around the smaller bronchi and bronchioles; airways widen with sympathetic stimulation and constrict under parasympathetic stimulation

web of pulmonary capllaries and network of elastic fibers

Type 1, Type 2, and aleolar macrophages

most abundant cell; form simple squamous epithelium; for gas exchange

scattered cuboidal cells that secrete surfactant and antomicrobial protiens

keep alveoli surfaces sterile; once dead use mucociliary escalator

Alveolar epithelium (type 1 cells), capillary endothelium, and fused basement membrane

superior tip of lung

inferior broad surface of lung

Site for entery/exit of root (= blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, & nerves)

3; oblique and horizontal fissure

2; oblique fissure and has a medial cardiac notch due to heart

lines thoracic wall, diaphragm, around heart, and between lungs

covers external surface of lungs, following its contour and fissures

fills slitlike pleural cavity that reduces friction and causes the pleurae cling together during breathing

Bronchopulmonary segments

inflammation of pleura; causes friction- results often from pneumonia

fluid accumulation in pleural cavity (ex. blood, blood filtrate)

Pneumothorax

carry blood to and from lungs for oxygenation

provide lung tissue itself with oxygenated blood

Inhalation- gases flow into lungs

Exhalation- gases flow out of lungs

Active; main muscles- diaphragm and external intercostals

Passive; driven by elastic recoil force of lungs (elasticity)

Active; acessory muscles- pectoralis and sternocleidomastoid

Active; accessory muscles- abdominals, latissimus dorsi, and internal intercostals

Respiratory Centers (in medulla and pons generate baseline respiration rate and control depth and rateof breathing) and Chemoreceptors (central in medulla and peripheral in carotid and aortic bodies- are sensitive to Pco2, Po2, and ph levels and control rate and depth of breathing via Resp Center)

Chronic Bronchitis (smoke), Emphysema (smoke), and Asthma (reversable COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease