Micro Ch 4

0.2- 0.1 micro m x 2-8 micro m

Coccus, Rod/Bacillus, Spiral

Pairs- diplococci; Clusters- staphylococcus; Chains- streptococci

Vibrio- 2um; Spirillum- 4um; Spirochete- 1um

Star-shaped Stella, Square Haloarcula

single shape- most bacteria

Multishape

Slime layer is loose and unorganized; S-layer is composed of protiens

protect cell, traps water, prevents access to potential danger, sticks to surfaces; large branched polysaccarides attached to protien or lipids

protien-based extensions that are attached to a motor

Running (straight), Tumbling (switch directions), and swimming

Flagella, Pilus (twitch/protien grappling hook), Surface attachments (gliding)

On bacteria there are recptors for attractants (ex. entering a gradient). Counter clockwise rotation moves cell toward attractant. Clockwise rotation stops forward motion, so cell tumbles and changes direction

Endoflagell; anchored at one end of a cell; rotation causes cell to move

length of time of decolorizing step and age of culture

Protoplast

complex cell wall with peptidoglycan and mycolic acid; resistant to staining and damage; sugar-polymer extension in cell wall; capsule- waxy coating, lipid-based, creates protien layer

Bacteria without a true cell wall

used to detect organisms that do not readily take up dyes- detects Myobacterium

Substrate-binding protien wil bind to solvent and the complex will bind the solvent to to the membrane transporter. Then ATP powers the opening of the channel and movement of solvent into the cell

Bacterium secretes Siderophore that binds to Fe3+. The ABC bings F3 across the membrane. Inside the cell the iron is released

Protien channel- allowx molecules to excreted out of cell- differs between gram +/-

Salmonella triggers cells to undergo endocytosis- lives in vesicle inside of cell. Bypasses receptors by moblizing actin cytoskeleton

in Nucleoid- circular dna; have attachment point to plasma membrane

Resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals- creates molecular shell to protect until viable; occurs in some gram positive bacilli

Endospore formation

Return to vegetative state

Gram positive vs. negative

thick layer of peptidoglycan that contains teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids

Thin layer of peptidoglycan that surrounded by an outer membrane. The outer layer of the outer membrane is lipopolysaccharide

distinct and gelatinous. Allows bacteria to adhere to specific surfaces; allows for some organisms to avoid the body’s defense systems and thus cause disease