1Intrinsic Salivary Glands
small glands scattered throughout the oral cavity, secrete at a constant rate- just enough to moisten mouth
2Extrinsic Salivary Gland
3 pairs, connected to oral cavity by ducts, make most of saliva
3Stimulate Serous Cells
Parasympathetic fibers (thin, enzyme rich saliva)
4Stimulate Mucous Cells
Sympathetic fibers (thick, mucous rich saliva)
5How many baby teeth and permant teeth?
20 deciduous (baby) teeth and 32 permanent teeth by age 6-12 (except wisdom teeth)
6Gingiritis
inflammation of gums
7Periodontitis
inflammation of gums and bone recession
8Pharynx
mucosa contains stratified squamous epithelium lining with mucus-producing glands
9Heartburn/GERD
gastroesophageal reflux diseaae; somtimes as consequence of hiatal hernia
10Dental Caries (cavities)
Demineralization of enamel and dentin from bacterial action
11Functions/Actions of Stomach
prime function- storage tank; begins chemical breakdown of protiens and fats; mechanically breaks down food (churning); mixes food with gastric juices and converts into chyme
12Arterial blood supply of stomach
Celiac Trunk
13Venous blood drainage of stomach
hepatic portal vein
14Parietal cells secrete
HCl, Intrinsic factor
15Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen and Lipase
16Enteroendocrine cells secrete
hormones and paracrines
17What are the 3 protection mechanisms of the stomach not to be self-digested (mucosal barrier)?
Mucous coat, tight junctions, and cell replacement
18Breakdown of mucosal barrier
Gastritis (inflammation) and peptic (or gastric) ulcers
19Mucous cells secrete
alkaline mucus (protects stomach lining from acid)
20Mucous neck cells secerete
acidic mucous (unknown function)
21What is the mucosa of what cells?
simple columnar epithelium
22depressions in gastirc mucosa are called….
gastric pits
23what are deep to gastric pits?
gastric glands
24Small Intestine functions
completion of chemical digestion, ALL nutrient absorption, and 95% of water reabsorption occur in small intestine
25Duodenum
25 cm; retroperitoneal; receives stomach contents, pancreatic juice and bile
26Jejunum
about 2.5 m (40%); Intraperitoneal; extends from duodenum to ileum
27Ileum
about 3.6 m (60%); intraperitoneal; joins intestine at ileocecal junction
28Three modifications that increase the surface area for absorption
Circular folds, villi, microvilli
29Circular folds
permant folds or plicae that force chyme to spiral through lumen
30Villi
fingerlike extensions with capillaries and lacteal for absorption
31Microvilli
tiny projections that form brush border and contain enzymes for digestion
32Duodenal (Brunner’s) glands
neutralize acidic chyme by secreting alkaine mucus
33What protect especially distal ileum against bacteria?
Peyer’s patches
34Main function of Large Intestine
Reaborb water and electolyte; elimante indigestible foods as feces
35Diverticulosis
prescense of diverticula (mucosa herniations) in large intestine due to low fiber diet
36Diverticulitis
inflamed diverticula, painful, may rupture- can be life threatening
37Ascending Colon
retroperitoneal- right colic (hepatic) flexure
38Transverse Colon
intraperitoneal- left colic (splenic) flexure
39Descending Colon
retroperitoneal
40Sigmoid Colon
intraperitoneal- S-shaped portion
41Functions of Hepatocytes
process blood borne nutrients; stores fat-soluble vitamins; detoxification, synthesis of plasma protiens (clotting factors); produces 500-1000 ml bile/day
42Infection of Liver
Hepatitis
43Main function of Gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile
44Pancrease is an _______
endocrine and exocrine gland (retroperitoneal location)
45Endocrine cells (pancreatic islets) secrete the hormones ____
insulin and glucagon
46Exocrine cells (pancreas) secrete ___
pancreatic juice (rich with digestive enzymes) into duodenum