Renal/GU Comp Exam Review
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1
Pre-renal causes of AKI include ____ d/t ______, _____, _____, ______ & mads including _____, _____, & _____
- Hypovolemia
- gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, DKA, impaired CO
- ACEI, diuretics, cyclosporin A
- gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, DKA, impaired CO
- ACEI, diuretics, cyclosporin A
2
A new abdominal mass along with decreased urine output is concerning for a
renal vascular thrombosis.
3
Intrinsic causes of AKI include _______ d/t ______, _____, _____, & _____
- Kidney/vessel diseases
- -ATN, acute glomerulonephritis, Bilateral pyelonephritis, HUS
- -ATN, acute glomerulonephritis, Bilateral pyelonephritis, HUS
4
Post-renal causes of AKI include _____ d/t ______, _____, ______, ____, ______
- Obstruction
- PUV, occluded catheter, neurogenic bladder, tumors, trauma
- PUV, occluded catheter, neurogenic bladder, tumors, trauma
5
AKI management:
Dialysis! Ex. Patients with uremia, K > 7, anuria for > 16 hours
6
Nephrolithiasis Increase incidence in ages ____ to _____ & _____
- 12-17 yrs.
- Caucasian
- Caucasian
7
Renal Tubular Acidosis: Failure of the kidney to ______ by ________.
- compensates for metabolic acidemia
-lowering the urine pH
-lowering the urine pH
8
Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 1 Results from _______ and failure to _____
- decrease in acid excretion
- reabsorb K
- reabsorb K
9
Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 2 results from failure of
bicarbonate reabsorption
10
Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 4 results from ______ or resistance to its effects, causing ______ and mild acidosis
- aldosterone deficiency
- reduce K excretion
- reduce K excretion
11
HSP ( Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Nephritis is a vasculitis where _______ are deposited in the small vessels of the renal glomeruli, the skin, and the GI tract and cause.....
- IgA immune complexes
- petechiae, palpable purpura, Gi hemorrhage, and
glomerulonephritis.
- petechiae, palpable purpura, Gi hemorrhage, and
glomerulonephritis.
12
diagnosis of HSP ( Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) Nephritis:
1) palpable purpura, (2) </= 20 y.o. At DX, (3) bowel angina, and (4)
granulocytes in the walls of arterioles and vessels.
granulocytes in the walls of arterioles and vessels.
13
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis is a bacterial infection → rapid deterioration of kidney function due to ________. Typically ____ after _____ infection, or w/in ____ following
streptococcal skin (impetigo) infection
streptococcal skin (impetigo) infection
- inflammatory response after a streptococcal infection
- 1-2 wks
- strep throat (PHARYNGITIS)
- 6 wks
- 1-2 wks
- strep throat (PHARYNGITIS)
- 6 wks
14
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Triad of Symptoms:
GROSS HEMATURIA, HYPERTENSION, EDEMA
15
Membranoproliferative Glomerular Nephritis Most common cause in _____. Results in....
- older children & adults
- ongoing glomerular injury→ glomerular destruction and ESRD
- ongoing glomerular injury→ glomerular destruction and ESRD
16
Membranoproliferative Glomerular Nephritis characteristic s/s:
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Edema, frothy PROTEINURIA, Hypoalbuminemia, Gross or Asymptomatic Microscopic HEMATURIA
17
Membranoproliferative Glomerular Nephritis will need
kidney biopsy
18
Membranoproliferative Glomerular Nephritis tx:
- STEROIDS
- Na & protein restriction
- Antihypertensive medications
- Additional Therapies: Plasmapheresis and Plasma infusion
- Na & protein restriction
- Antihypertensive medications
- Additional Therapies: Plasmapheresis and Plasma infusion
19
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis tx:
Antimicrobials: PENICILLIN, Cephalosporin or Macrolide
Antibiotics (for pt w/ PCN allergy)
● Diuretics: Loop diuretics (Lasix)
● Antihypertensive medications: CCB, ACEi
● Diet: Na Restriction
● Dialysis: only to manage acid-base balance, electrolyte
abnormalities (especially hyperkalemia), &fluid overload
Antibiotics (for pt w/ PCN allergy)
● Diuretics: Loop diuretics (Lasix)
● Antihypertensive medications: CCB, ACEi
● Diet: Na Restriction
● Dialysis: only to manage acid-base balance, electrolyte
abnormalities (especially hyperkalemia), &fluid overload
20
Nephrotic Syndrome is a _____ disorder of too much _________ , leaking into the urine
- kidney filtration
- protein is filtered out of the blood
- protein is filtered out of the blood
21
Nephrotic Syndrome gold standard diagnostic= ________. a kidney biopsy is needed in what age
- 24 hour urine collection
- 12 yrs or older
- 12 yrs or older
22
Gold standard for diagnosis of renal artery/vein thrombosis
Selective renal venography = gold standard
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