Interest Groups
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1
Explain the origins of the study of interest groups and why they became so problematic.
Because of the rise of professionalisation of Politics after WW2 and the role Interest Groups play,
fundamental question for democracy raises around the regulation of interest groups.
fundamental question for democracy raises around the regulation of interest groups.
2
What are interest groups?
Organized actors that seek to influence government.
3
How do interest groups differ from political parties?
The typically focus on specific interests or policy areas.
Concentrating on one particular problem whereas political parties treat multiple.
Interest groups try to influence government and not become government as political parties seak to achieve.
Concentrating on one particular problem whereas political parties treat multiple.
Interest groups try to influence government and not become government as political parties seak to achieve.
4
Why is it difficult to define interest groups?
The boundaries between interest groups and political parties vary by context.
They play different roles across systems.
Difference between private and public interest groups.
They play different roles across systems.
Difference between private and public interest groups.
5
What is the difference between public and private interest groups.
Private interest groups are sectional and concentrate on material benefits.
Public interest groups are diffusive and try to achieve collective goods.
Public interest groups are diffusive and try to achieve collective goods.
6
What are presssure groups?
Pressure groups is the umbrella concept of all types of groups that:
• are private, voluntary organizations
• seek to influence government
• do not aim to become government
• are private, voluntary organizations
• seek to influence government
• do not aim to become government
7
Describe the republicanism view of interest groups.
They see interest associations as a danger for democracy:
the more particular interests prevail, the less politics reflects the general will of the people
the more particular interests prevail, the less politics reflects the general will of the people
8
Describe the pluralist vie of interest groups.
They see interest associations as an essential source of liberty, but this vie rests on two debatable assumptions:
• all citizens enjoy the same capacity to associate
• interest associations are evenly distributed across the political spectrum
• all citizens enjoy the same capacity to associate
• interest associations are evenly distributed across the political spectrum
9
Describe the neocorporatist view of interest groups.
They say interest associations cannot be excluded from politics, but fear that free competition allows stronger interests to dominate weaker ones. So they see a need for regulation to ensure a balacne of power between opposing interest.
10
How are interest groups formed according to the logic of collective action?
Individuals act according to cost-benefit calculations, they are more voluntered to take part if the get a benefit from it.
11
What do interest groups do?
• Aggregate Interest
• Articulate Interest
• Use multiple methods such as lobbying, research, public campains and events
• Use timing accordingly
• Articulate Interest
• Use multiple methods such as lobbying, research, public campains and events
• Use timing accordingly
12
On what depends access to insider and outisder groups?
Access depends on:
• Resources
• expertise
• economic importance
• Resources
• expertise
• economic importance
13
Who gets access in insider groups?
• decision-makers
• business, professional or expert interests representatives
• business, professional or expert interests representatives
14
Who gets access in outsider groups?
• access is limited
• they rely on protests or public pressure
• they rely on protests or public pressure
15
Give some core determinanst of interest groups power.
• Money
• Size
• Organisational advantages
• Membership density and recruitment
• Party alignment
• Public opinion
• Size
• Organisational advantages
• Membership density and recruitment
• Party alignment
• Public opinion
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