Foundations of Environmental Health

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1
This group of compounds has been widely used in stain-resistant fabrics, non-stick cookware, and food packaging because they are slippery, durable, and don’t break down.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances)
2
In the US, under the ________ Act, the EPA can only investigate a chemical when it is proven to be harmful.
Toxic Substances Control Act
3
In general, ________ diseases are decreasing, while _______ diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and stroke are increasing.
infectious. chronic
4
These new, or reappearing diseases are increasing with frequency as we move into new places, travel more, and share our germs with others.
emergent infectious diseases
5
Today’s health concerns revolve around ______ and _______.
diet and age
6
A state of complete physical, mental and social well being is known as ______
healthy
7
An abnormal change in the body’s condition that impairs important physical or psychological functions is called _______
disease
8
What is the difference between morbidity and mortality?
morbidity = sickness
mortality = death
9
Environmental health focuses on ________ factors that cause disease.
biological
10
One of the best indicators of global health improvement is
a decrease in infant mortality
11
What are DALYs and why do we use them?
disability- adjusted life year. this helps us measure how disease affects a population
12
This is a leading cause of death worldwide.
heart disease
13
Disease causing organisms are known as:
parasites
14
Name four diseases that Europeans brought to the New World that killed up to 90% of native populations in some areas.
Smallpox, Measles, Influenza, Typhus
15
Name 10 New World agricultural products.
Corn
Beans
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Chili peppers
Squash
Pumpkins
Peanuts
Avocados
Sunflowers
16
Some of the most serious viruses originate in ______ and are then passed to other animals.
bats/ birds
17
Transmission from wildlife to people increases through this economic activity
Global wildlife trade
18
According to Michael Pollan, why is corn syrup used so much in the food and beverage industries?
Its cheaper and you can use less because it’s so sweet
19
Which infectious disease, which should have been eradicated, is now reappearing in the US, particularly South Carolina, and affecting unvaccinated children?
measles
20
What happened at Yucca Mountain, Nevada?
A planned nuclear waste location, but it didn't go through due to decades of opposition to the idea
21
Nuclear energy is dangerous because _________ particles are released from uranium atoms
subatomic radioactive
22
Fossil fuels include
coal, oil, natural gas
23
What are the advantages of burning natural gas over oil and coal?
There's less CO2 emissions and it’s much more efficient compared to the same amount of coal burned.
24
Two major innovations that occurred in the oil and gas industry recently and created increased production include
horizontal drilling and fracking
25
How is fracking related to earthquakes?
Pressure changes can cause the shift of a fault line
26
his country has the largest oil reserves and its political leader was recently arrested in a US military operation:
Venezuela
27
Where do we find the tar sands, with huge deposits of oil?
Alberta, CA
28
Almost half of US energy consumption is taken up by this sector
transportation
29
_____ refer to habitat margins, where one habitat ends and one begins, such as a forest margin, that is more open, bright and windy than a forest interior.
edge effects
30
Natural habitats that link smaller habitat areas are known as:
habitat corridors
31
The biggest threat to coral reefs is
rising water temperatures, ocean acidification, and algal blooms blocking sunlight.
32
a type of tourism considered ecologically and socially sustainable.
ecotourism
33
The ___________ is the world’s largest wetland/savanna complex and is in the southern part of this country ___________.
Pantanal, Brazil
34
What has happened to most of North America’s moist grasslands?
They’ve been converted into agricultural cropland
35
Why do grasslands tend to have few trees?
Low precipitation and overgrazing
36
The US Forest Service policy of aggressively controlling forest fires led to
a buildup of dead branches and brush on the forest floor that led to an even more catastrophic “mega” fire
37
This oil has become the most widely used vegetable oil and has driven the conversion of primary forests
palm oil
38
This country has planted billions of trees to control erosion and slow desertification
China
39
____ involves cultivating a single species to maximize tree growth and simplify harvest
Monoculture
40
How do you know what you know?
epistemological question.
41
What does ayahuasca do to a person who ingests it, according to Jeremy Narby?
ayahuasca lowers the threshold of ordinary consciousness to grant a person direct, molecular-level access to biological information stored inside their own DNA
42
What are central ideas in Jeremy Narby’s The Cosmic Serpent?
Amazonian shamans use plant-induced trance states to access biological information at the molecular level, perceiving DNA itself as twin intertwined serpents
43
Open wooded areas with tree cover between 10% and 20% are called:
Savannas
44
Which continent has the largest tropical forests?
South America
45
Name 3 factors that determine the general biome of an area
Precipitation
Temperature
Soil
46
Two key factors affecting forest tree mortality
drought and insects
47
What is Ebola:
a rare and severe illness caused by a group of viruses called orthoebolaviruses
48
What are the symptoms of ebola
fever, joint pain, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, unexplained bleeding, rash
49
How dangerous is ebola
30%-50% fatality rate
50
Where is there a current outbreak of ebola
The Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria
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