Platelet Disorders

Identify the three primary reasons why platelets are difficult to count manually.

True or False: Platelets are evenly distributed in the blood because they tend to clump.

Fill in the blank: The reference method for manual platelet counting described by Brecher and Cronkite is the ________ method.

Identify the specific diluent used in the Phase-contrast microscope method.

List the three physical characteristics of a platelet as seen under a microscope.

Fill in the blank: During manual counting, "________" erythrocytes are frequently seen in the background.

Identify the specific area of the hemocytometer where platelets are counted.

True or False: The difference between the total cells counted on each side of the counting chamber should be less than 10%.

Identify the requirement if the percentage difference between the two sides of a hemocytometer is greater than 10%.

Provide the formula for calculating the percentage difference between two counting sides.

Write the general formula used for manual cell counts per µL.

Identify the purpose of performing a platelet count estimation.

Fill in the blank: To estimate platelets, one must examine the thin area of a wedge blood smear using the ________ objective.

Identify the normal range of platelets seen per 100x field in a wedge blood smear.

List the steps to calculate the estimated platelet count per µL using the standard method.

Provide the formula for platelet estimation used in cases of significant anemia or erythrocytosis.

Identify the platelet estimate report category for a count of 50,000 to 99,000/µL.

Identify the platelet estimate report category for a count exceeding 800,000/µL.

True or False: A platelet count of 100 x 10⁹/L is considered a slight decrease.

Identify the target platelet count range required for Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in aggregometry.

List the centrifugation parameters used to prepare PRP from sodium citrate-anticoagulated blood.

Identify the storage temperature and timeframe for PRP-based light-transmittance aggregometry.

True or False: Light-transmittance aggregometry is considered reliable even when the whole-blood platelet count is 100,000/µL.

Identify the aggregating reagent that results in an abnormal response for both Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSS) and von Willebrand's Disease (VWD).

Fill in the blank: Platelet lumi-aggregometry measures platelet aggregation and the release of ________ from dense granules.

Identify the reagent used in lumi-aggregometry that produces chemiluminescence when oxidized by ATP.

True or False: In vascular disorders, the platelet count and coagulation tests usually yield normal results.

Identify the two tests that typically yield abnormal results in vascular disorders.

Identify the most common inherited vascular bleeding disorder characterized by localized dilation of capillary walls.

List three clinical characteristics of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Identify the vascular disorder most commonly seen in children, characterized by immunologic damage to endothelial cells and GI hemorrhage.

Fill in the blank: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in ________, which leads to defects in the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid.

List four conditions associated with impaired or decreased platelet production.

Identify the specific gene mutation associated with May-Hegglin Anomaly.

List four conditions associated with increased platelet destruction.

Fill in the blank: In Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), platelets are activated by IgG antibodies against a complex of heparin and ________.

List four conditions that lead to increased splenic sequestration of platelets.

Identify the alternative name for Reactive Thrombocytosis.

List the four Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) associated with Essential (Primary) Thrombocytosis.

Identify the platelet count threshold often exceeded in Essential Thrombocythemia.

Identify the deficiency associated with Bernard Soulier Syndrome.

True or False: Bernard Soulier Syndrome is characterized by giant platelets and abnormal aggregation in Ristocetin.

Identify the most common congenital bleeding disorder.

List the primary platelet surface receptor and the ligand involved in platelet adhesion.

Identify the inheritance pattern of Type 1 von Willebrand's Disease.

Identify the deficiency associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

Identify the specific laboratory finding that distinguishes Glanzmann's thrombasthenia from BSS regarding clot retraction.

Fill in the blank: Platelet aggregation is the process where platelets adhere to other platelets, requiring the ________ receptor and the ________ ligand.

Identify the disorder characterized by the specific absence of alpha-granules, resulting in large, gray platelets.

List three dense granule deficiencies associated with albinism.

True or False: The inheritance pattern for most dense granule deficiencies is Autosomal Recessive, except for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Identify the most common acquired bleeding disorder according to Rodak's Hematology.

True or False: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia typically demonstrates a normal platelet count and normal platelet morphology.

Fill in the blank: For vascular disorders, the expected laboratory results for platelet count, platelet function tests, and coagulation tests are typically ________.::

Identify the two specific tests that yield abnormal results in primary hemostasis disorders of the blood vessels.::

For Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome), identify the inheritance pattern and its primary vascular characteristic.::

Identify the vascular disorder also known as Cutis Hyperelastica, which is characterized by hyperextensible skin and fragile tissues.::

For Henoch-Schonlein Purpura, identify the most common patient demographic and the likely cause of vascular abnormalities.::

Identify the clinical features of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura regarding the gastrointestinal tract and joints.::

Fill in the blank: Scurvy, or Vitamin C deficiency, is characterized by defects in the synthesis of ________ and ________.::

For quantitative platelet disorders, enumerate four conditions associated with impaired or decreased platelet production.::

Identify the specific gene mutation associated with May-Hegglin Anomaly.::

Enumerate four examples of conditions characterized by increased platelet destruction.::

For Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), identify the type of antibodies that activate platelets and the complex they target.::

Enumerate five conditions or factors associated with increased splenic sequestration of platelets.::

Identify the alternative name for Reactive Thrombocytosis and its characteristic platelet count level.::

Enumerate the four examples of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) associated with primary thrombocytosis.::

Identify the platelet count threshold often reached in Essential Thrombocythemia.::

For Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSS), identify the deficient glycoprotein and the inheritance pattern.::

Identify the three characteristic laboratory findings for Bernard Soulier Syndrome regarding platelet size and aggregation.::

Identify the most common congenital bleeding disorder.::

For the process of platelet adhesion, identify the primary platelet surface receptor and the required ligand.::

Identify the inheritance pattern of Type 1 VWD and its typical aggregation response to Ristocetin.::

For Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, identify the deficient glycoprotein and its inheritance pattern.::

Identify the three characteristic laboratory findings for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia regarding clot retraction and aggregation.::

For the process of platelet aggregation, identify the specific platelet fibrinogen receptor and the ligand.::

Identify the specific storage pool disease characterized by the absence of alpha-granules and the presence of large, gray platelets.::

For Gray Platelet Syndrome, identify the expected plasma levels of PF-4 and beta-thromboglobulin.::

Identify the autosomal dominant bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of multimerin.::

Enumerate the three dense granule deficiencies associated with some form of albinism.::

Identify the dense granule deficiency that is inherited in an X-linked manner rather than autosomal recessive.::

Identify the most common acquired bleeding disorder according to Rodak's Hematology.::

True or False: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia occurs with higher frequency than Bernard Soulier Syndrome.::

True or False: A patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is expected to have a normal platelet count and normal platelet morphology.::