B 1.2 Proteins
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1
Draw the generalized structure of an amino acid. and Label the amine group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon and R group on an amino acid.
Draw and then check slide(3)
2
Define dipeptide, oligopeptide and polypeptide.
dipeptide: a chain of two amino acids
oligopeptide : less than 20 animo acids
polypeptide: any number of amino acids joined together in a chain
oligopeptide : less than 20 animo acids
polypeptide: any number of amino acids joined together in a chain
3
Draw peptide bond formation in a condensation reaction between two amino acids. and State where in the cell polypeptide formation occurs.
Draw and then check slide 5
4
Compare the source of amino acids by plant and animal cells.
Animal proteins are complete proteins. That means they contain all the essential amino acids that you need in your diet. Plant proteins are often, but not always, incomplete sources of protein, they don't contain all the essential acids
5
Define “essential” and “non-essential” as related to dietary amino acids.
Essential Amino Acids are obtained from nutrition and are not synthesized by the body
Non-Essential Amino Acids are synthesized by the body.
Non-Essential Amino Acids are synthesized by the body.
6
Outline why vegan diets require attention to food combinations to ensure essential amino acids are consumed.
Most plant sources are incomplete proteins and don't contain all the essential amino acids our bodies need.
7
Outline why there is a limitless diversity of DNA base sequences.
There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA (A, T, C and G). These 4 bases are components of nucleotides that can form a DNA molecule in any order and of any length.
8
Define denaturation.
the destruction the primary structure of the protein, and the protein breaks down to monomers.(unraviels it/lose folded structure)
9
Explain the effect of pH on temperature on protein structure and function.
Temperature:
Increase in temperature causes molecules to vibrate more due to increased kinetic energy
These increased vibrations disrupt the bonds/interactions between the amino acids that hold the 3D structure together.
pH:
Increase in acidity means increase in [H+] ions.
Increase in alkalinity means increase in [OH-] ions.
H+ and OH- ions interact with charged regions on R groups of amino acids, interfering with the bonds/interactions between amino acids that hold the 3D structure together.
Increase in temperature causes molecules to vibrate more due to increased kinetic energy
These increased vibrations disrupt the bonds/interactions between the amino acids that hold the 3D structure together.
pH:
Increase in acidity means increase in [H+] ions.
Increase in alkalinity means increase in [OH-] ions.
H+ and OH- ions interact with charged regions on R groups of amino acids, interfering with the bonds/interactions between amino acids that hold the 3D structure together.
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