BIO 112 DNA replication, enzymes and proteins
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1
What does primase do for the leading strand?
Synthesizes a single RNA primer at the 5' end of the leading strand.
2
Single stranded binding proteins?
Keeps DNA from reforming
3
What is the function of the helicase?
Unwinds parental double helix at replication forks
4
Topoisomerase
Corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands. Proofreads.
5
DNA polymerase 1 function for leading strand
Removes primer from the 5' end of leading strand and replaces it with DNA, adding on to the adjaecent 3' end.
6
What model does DNA replicate as?
Semi conservative
7
Name all the enzymes and proteins that DNA replication uses..
Helicase, Single stranded binding protein, Primase, DNA polymerase 3, DNA polymerase 1, DNA Ligase, Topoisomerase.
8
Who discovered the structure of DNA? How?
Watson and Crick, X ray crystallography
9
What hold nucleotides together in a double helix?
Hydrogen bonds
10
What nucleic acids correspond to Purine?
Adenine and Guanine
11
Occurs whenever the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three
Frameshift mutation
12
DNA Ligase function for leading strand
Joins the 3' end of the DNA that replaces the primer to the rest of the leading strand.
13
DNA polymerase 3 function for leading strand
Continuously synthesizes the leading strand, adding on to the primer.
14
What nucleic acids correspond to pyrimidine?
Cytosil and Thymine
15
What direction does DNA polymerase 3 always move in?
5' to 3' direction
16
RNA is __________ to its DNA template which means 5' to 3' DNA would have its complementary RNA in a __ to __ direction
Antiparallel, 3' 5'
17
What must occur before DNA polymerase 3 can begin to synthesize?
Primase must synthesize a primer complementary to DNA template.
18
What is a primer?
A short segment of RNA
19
No effect on the amino acid sequence
Silent mutation
20
Results in a shorten protein and depends on how close the mutation is to the wild type stop codon
Nonsense mutation
21
What end of the DNA strand can DNA polymerase only add nucleotides to?
The 3' end
22
Causing extensive missense
Frameshift (deletion) mutation
23
Changes in a single nucleotide pair of a gene
Point mutations
24
End up with a different amino acid in protein; causes Sickle Cell Anemia
Missense mutation
25
DNA polymerase 1 function for lagging strand
Removes the primer from the 5' end of each fragment and replaces it with DNA, adding on to the 3' end of the adjaecent fragment.
26
DNA polymerase 3 function for lagging strand
Elongates each Okazaki fragment, adding on to its primer
27
DNA Ligase function for lagging strand
Joins the Okazaki fragments
28
Causing immediate nonsense
Frameshift (insertion) mutation
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