Plant Physiology and Ecology
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1
Compensation point
Light level where photosynthesis = respiration
2
Saturation point
Light level where more light no longer helps
3
Shade-tolerant plant: light curve
Lower compensation point, lower saturation point, lower max rate
4
Light-demanding plant: light curve
Higher compensation point, higher saturation point, higher max rate
5
Shade tolerance strategies
Flat leaves and branches, larger and thinner leaves, more chlorophyll, low respiration
6
Leaf nitrogen vs. photosynthesis
Positive, then levels off. N is in Rubisco and chlorophyll
7
Sun leaves vs. shade leaves
Sun: small and thick. Shade: large and thin
8
Why conifers dominate the west side
Mild wet winters allow evergreen photosynthesis. Dry summers hurt deciduous trees
9
Needle benefits (west side)
Resist water loss, shed snow, keep nutrients for years
10
Why west-side conifers get so big
Long growing season, plentiful winter water, large leaf area, long lifespans, water stored in sapwood
11
Deciduous vs. conifer production pattern
Deciduous: peaks in summer, stops in winter. Conifers: continue through mild winter
12
Rain shadow effect
Air rises up windward slope, cools, rains. Descends leeward slope, warms, dries
13
West side summary
Wet, mild, high NPP, high biomass
14
East side summary
Dry, bigger temperature swings, lower NPP (water-limited), more fire
15
Deciduous: pros
Avoids winter, cheap leaves, high rate
16
Deciduous: cons
Rebuild leaves yearly, short growing season
17
Evergreen: pros
Photosynthesize any warm period, conserve nutrients
18
Evergreen: cons
Costly leaves, lower rate, winter damage risk
19
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light, temperature, CO2, water, nitrogen, VPD
20
Why temperature matters for photosynthesis
Enzyme-driven: slow when cold, peaks at optimum, drops when hot
21
Photosynthesis equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
22
NPP equation
NPP = GPP - autotrophic respiration
23
Water use efficiency
Carbon gained per water lost
24
Soil textures: largest to smallest
Sand, silt, clay
25
Lowest infiltration texture
Clay
26
Capillary water
Water held in small pores, plant-available
27
Field capacity
Water left after gravity drainage
28
Saturation (soil)
All pores full of water
29
O horizon
Surface litter
30
A horizon
Dark mineral topsoil
31
E horizon
Pale leached layer
32
Bedrock
Unweathered rock
33
CLORPT
Climate, Organisms, Relief, Parent material, Time
34
Elements not from soil
C, H, O [CHECK]
35
Ecosystem structure vs. function
Structure = the parts. Function = the processes
36
Abiotic vs. biotic
Abiotic = nonliving. Biotic = living
37
Community vs. ecosystem
Community = living only. Ecosystem = living + nonliving + energy and nutrient flows
38
Environmental gradient
Gradual change in an abiotic factor across space
39
WA gradient examples
Natural: rainfall, elevation. Human-caused: urban-to-rural, pollution
40
Weather vs. climate
Weather = short-term. Climate = long-term average
41
Net radiation surplus and deficit
Surplus at tropics, deficit at poles
42
Higher albedo
More reflected, less heat
43
Vapor pressure deficit (VPD)
Saturation vapor pressure minus actual. High VPD = dry air, stomata close
44
Why colder at elevation?
Rising air expands and cools. Not about distance from sun
45
Drought adaptations
Waxy cuticle, sunken stomata, small leaves, stomatal closure, deep roots
46
Leaf water potential as trees grow taller
Gets more negative, so less photosynthesis
47
2 types of biogeochemical cycles
Gaseous and sedimentary
48
Mass balance
Inputs - outputs = change in storage
49
Nutrient inputs
Deposition, N fixation, weathering
50
Nutrient losses
Leaching, erosion, gas emissions, fire, harvest
51
Carbon cycle: photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis takes CO2 in. Respiration puts it back
52
Ideal unit for biogeochemistry
Watershed
53
Lodgepole pine needles
2 per bundle
54
Ponderosa pine needles
3 per bundle
55
Western white pine needles
5 per bundle
56
Which tree is not a true fir?
Douglas-fir
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