Unit 1 Vocab

a religion based on the many beliefs, practices, sects, rituals, and philosophies in India; in the thinking of 19th century Indian reformers, it was expressed as a distinctive tradition, an Indian religion wholly equivalent to Christianity

The monotheistic religion developed in the Middle East byt he Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal God (Yahwah) with concerns for social justice

"great vehicle", the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the common era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and to compassion and proved to be more popular than the original (Theravada) Buddhism

"teaching of the elders", the ealry form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine; emphasizes practices rather than beliefs

a chinese philosphy/popular religion that advocates a simple and unpretentious way of living and alignment with the natural world, founded by the legendary figure Laozi

western european branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as seperate from the eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break occuring in 1054 C.E. that still has not been overcome. by the 11th century, Western Christendom was centered on the Pope as the ultimate authority in maters of doctrine. the church struggled to remain independent of established political authorities

a social system in which women have been made subordinate to men in the family and society; often linked to the developmetn of plow-based agriculture, intesinve warfare, and private property

a wast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empires policies

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell