inheritance
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1
What is a gene?
A section of DNA coding for a protein.
2
What is an allele?
An alternative form of a gene.
3
What is a locus?
The position of a gene on a chromosome.
4
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
5
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism.
6
What is a dominant allele?
An allele expressed when present.
7
What is a recessive allele?
An allele only expressed when homozygous.
8
What is homozygous?
Having two identical alleles.
9
What is heterozygous?
Having two different alleles.
10
What is codominance?
Both alleles are fully expressed.
11
What is incomplete dominance?
A heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype.
12
What is a monohybrid cross?
A genetic cross involving one gene.
13
What is a dihybrid cross?
A genetic cross involving two genes.
14
What is an F1 generation?
The first offspring generation.
15
What is an F2 generation?
The offspring of the F1 generation.
16
What is a sex-linked gene?
A gene located on a sex chromosome.
17
Which chromosome usually carries sex-linked genes?
The X chromosome.
18
Why are males more affected by sex-linked disorders?
They only have one X chromosome.
19
What is a carrier?
A heterozygous individual carrying a recessive allele.
20
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA base sequence.
21
What causes genetic variation?
Mutation, meiosis, and random fertilisation.
22
What is variation?
Differences between individuals of a species.
23
What is discontinuous variation?
Variation with distinct categories.
24
What is continuous variation?
Variation showing a range of values.
25
What is polygenic inheritance?
A characteristic controlled by many genes.
26
What is autosomal inheritance?
Inheritance involving non-sex chromosomes.
27
What is a pedigree chart?
A diagram showing inheritance across generations.
28
What is a test cross?
Crossing with a homozygous recessive organism to determine genotype.
29
What is genetic screening?
Testing for genetic disorders or carrier status.
30
What is selective breeding?
Choosing organisms with desired traits to reproduce.
31
What is a chromosome?
A DNA molecule carrying genes.
32
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes.
33
What is a haploid cell?
A cell with one set of chromosomes.
34
What is a diploid cell?
A cell with two sets of chromosomes.
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