3.3 resp and glycolysis JWO
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1
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm.
2
What is the first stage of glycolysis?
Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate using 2 ATP.
3
What is the 6C compound split into?
Two molecules of triose phosphate (3C).
4
What is the net yield of reduced NAD in glycolysis?
2 reduced NAD.
5
Where does the Link Reaction occur?
Mitochondrial matrix.
6
What happens during the Link Reaction?
Pyruvate is decarboxylated and dehydrogenated to form acetyl coenzyme A.
7
How many CO₂ molecules are produced per glucose in the Link Reaction?
Two.
8
What 4C compound does acetyl CoA combine with?
Oxaloacetate.
9
What is the 6C compound formed in the Krebs cycle?
Citrate (citric acid).
10
How many turns of the Krebs cycle occur per glucose molecule?
Two.
11
Name the coenzymes used in the Krebs cycle.
NAD and FAD.
12
Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?
On the cristae (inner mitochondrial membrane).
13
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
It is the final electron acceptor and forms water with protons and electrons.
14
What is the theoretical total yield of ATP per glucose?
38 ATP.
15
Why is the actual ATP yield often lower than 38?
ATP is used for transport, energy is lost as heat, and protons leak across the membrane.
16
What is the product of anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactate (lactic acid).
17
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
18
Why is the Krebs cycle necessary?
To produce reduced coenzymes for the ETC and ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
19
Define Respiratory Quotient (RQ).
RQ = volume of CO₂ produced divided by volume of O₂ consumed.
20
What is the RQ for carbohydrates?
1.0.
21
Why do lipids have a lower RQ (about 0.7)?
They have more C–H bonds and require more oxygen for oxidation.
22
What does an RQ greater than 1.0 indicate?
Anaerobic respiration is occurring.
23
What enzyme removes CO₂?
Decarboxylase.
24
What enzyme removes hydrogen?
Dehydrogenase.
25
How is ATP made in the Krebs cycle?
By substrate-level phosphorylation.
26
What happens to lactate after exercise?
It is converted back to pyruvate or glucose in the liver using oxygen.
27
Why can’t the Krebs cycle happen without oxygen?
NAD and FAD cannot be regenerated because the ETC stops.
28
What is the function of coenzyme A?
It carries the 2-carbon acetate group.
29
How many CO₂ molecules are produced in one turn of the Krebs cycle?
Two.
30
What is the total yield of reduced NAD from one glucose molecule?
10 (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Link Reaction, 6 from the Krebs cycle).
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