Particle Model of Matter

- The particles vibrate around a fixed position
- They have a fixed shape
- Have a fixed volume; cannot be compressed
- Arranged in rows

- Particles packed tight but can move over each other
- Can take their container’s shape
- Can’t be compressed

- Particles move freely
- Take their container’s shape
- No fixed volume; can be compressed
- Random arrangement

a measurement of the amount of substance per unit volume

the total thermal or kinetic energy of particles; measured in Joules

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance; measured in degrees Celsuis

total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in an object

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of an substance by 1 degree

the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of an object completely without changing the temperature (symbol L, unit J/kg)

freezing or melting per kg of a substance

condensation or evaporation per kg of a substance