Computer Networking Basics
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1
What is a computer network?
A group of connected devices that communicate and share information and resources.
2
How is data transmitted over a network?
Data is divided into packets and transmitted using protocols and addressing information.
3
What is a LAN?
Local Area Network; connects devices within a limited geographic area such as a home school or office.
4
What is a WAN?
Wide Area Network; connects networks across large geographic areas.
5
What is a PAN?
Personal Area Network; connects personal devices over a short distance.
6
What is a WLAN?
Wireless Local Area Network; a LAN that uses wireless communication.
7
What is a client-server network?
A network in which centralized servers provide services or resources to client devices.
8
What is a peer-to-peer network?
A network in which devices communicate and share resources directly without a dedicated central server.
9
What is a network protocol?
A set of rules that determines how devices communicate and exchange data.
10
What is TCP?
Transmission Control Protocol; provides reliable connection-oriented and ordered data delivery.
11
What is UDP?
User Datagram Protocol; provides connectionless communication without guaranteeing delivery or order.
12
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP provides reliable ordered delivery while UDP has less overhead and is useful when speed is important.
13
What is IP?
Internet Protocol; provides addressing and routing so data can travel between networks.
14
What is an IP address?
A logical address used to identify a device on an IP network.
15
What is a MAC address?
A hardware address associated with a network interface and used for local network communication.
16
What is the difference between an IP address and a MAC address?
An IP address provides logical network addressing while a MAC address identifies a network interface at the data link layer.
17
What is IPv4?
A 32-bit IP addressing system written as four decimal numbers separated by periods.
18
What is IPv6?
A 128-bit IP addressing system written in hexadecimal and designed to provide a much larger address space.
19
What is a public IP address?
An IP address that is globally routable on the internet.
20
What is a private IP address?
An IP address reserved for use within private networks and not directly routable on the public internet.
21
What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16.
22
What is a static IP address?
An IP address manually configured or consistently reserved for a device.
23
What is a dynamic IP address?
An IP address automatically assigned through DHCP.
24
What is a subnet mask?
A value that identifies which portion of an IPv4 address represents the network and which represents the host.
25
What is a default gateway?
A device usually a router that forwards traffic from a local network to other networks.
26
What is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; automatically assigns IP addresses and other network settings to devices.
27
What is DNS?
Domain Name System; translates domain names into IP addresses.
28
What is APIPA?
Automatic Private IP Addressing; assigns an IPv4 address in the 169.254.0.0/16 range when DHCP is unavailable.
29
What is NAT?
Network Address Translation; translates IP addresses and allows private network devices to share a public IP address.
30
What is SMTP?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; used to send email.
31
What is IMAP?
Internet Message Access Protocol; allows users to access and manage email stored on a mail server.
32
What is POP3?
Post Office Protocol version 3; retrieves email from a mail server often downloading messages to a device.
33
What is SSH?
Secure Shell; provides encrypted remote access to another computer.
34
What is HTTP?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol; used to transfer web content.
35
What is HTTPS?
The secure version of HTTP that uses encryption through TLS.
36
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol; used to transfer files between computers.
37
What is a modem?
A device that connects a network to an internet service provider by converting signals for the connection medium.
38
What is a router?
A device that connects different networks and forwards data between them.
39
What is a switch?
A device that connects devices within a LAN and forwards frames based on MAC addresses.
40
What is a hub?
A basic networking device that broadcasts incoming data to all connected ports.
41
What is a wireless access point?
A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network.
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