Cybersecurity Fundamentals
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1
What is the CIA Triad?
Confidentiality Integrity and Availability; the three fundamental goals of information security.
2
What is confidentiality?
Ensuring information is accessible only to authorized people.
3
What is integrity?
Ensuring information remains accurate complete and unaltered without authorization.
4
What is availability?
Ensuring systems and information are accessible when needed.
5
What is authentication?
Verifying the identity of a user or device.
6
What is authorization?
Determining what an authenticated user is allowed to access or do.
7
What is multi-factor authentication?
Using two or more different authentication factors to verify identity.
8
What is access control?
A security process that determines who can access resources and what actions they can perform.
9
What is auditing?
Recording and reviewing activities to track user actions and detect suspicious behavior.
10
What is event logging?
Recording system application and security events for monitoring and troubleshooting.
11
What is malware?
Malicious software designed to damage disrupt or gain unauthorized access to systems.
12
What is a virus?
Malware that attaches to files or programs and spreads when they are executed.
13
What is a worm?
Malware that self-replicates and spreads across systems often through networks.
14
What is a Trojan horse?
Malware disguised as legitimate software.
15
What is ransomware?
Malware that encrypts or locks data and demands payment.
16
What is spyware?
Software that secretly collects information about users.
17
What is a rootkit?
Malware designed to hide malicious activity and maintain privileged access.
18
What is phishing?
A social engineering attack that tricks people into revealing information or clicking malicious links.
19
What is spear phishing?
A targeted phishing attack aimed at a specific individual or organization.
20
What is social engineering?
Manipulating people into revealing confidential information or performing unsafe actions.
21
What is pretexting?
Creating a fabricated scenario to trick someone into revealing information.
22
What is tailgating?
Following an authorized person into a restricted area without permission.
23
What is a DoS attack?
Denial of Service; an attack that overwhelms a service or system to make it unavailable.
24
What is a DDoS attack?
Distributed Denial of Service; an attack that uses multiple devices or sources to overwhelm a target.
25
What is SQL injection?
An attack that inserts malicious SQL statements into vulnerable application inputs to manipulate database queries.
26
What is spoofing?
Falsifying an identity or address to impersonate another device user or organization.
27
What is footprinting?
Gathering information about a target system or organization.
28
What is a zero-day vulnerability?
A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor or without an available security fix.
29
What is a firewall?
A security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on rules.
30
What is the principle of least privilege?
Giving users only the access and permissions necessary to perform their jobs.
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