ACCT 2302 Exam 2
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1
Finding the Break Even Point in Dollar Sales
1) Find the CM ratio (CM/Sales)
2)Fixed Expenses/CM Ratio
2)Fixed Expenses/CM Ratio
2
Finding the Break Even Point in Quantity
Fixed Expenses/Unit CM
3
Number of Units Sold to Achieve Target Profit
(Target Profit + Fixed Expenses)/Unit CM
4
Variable Costing
Product Costs:
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Variable MOH
Period Costs:
Fixed MOH
Variable SGA
Fixed SGA
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Variable MOH
Period Costs:
Fixed MOH
Variable SGA
Fixed SGA
5
Absorption Costing
Product Costs:
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Variable MOH
Fixed MOH
Period Costs:
Variable SGA
Fixed SGA
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Variable MOH
Fixed MOH
Period Costs:
Variable SGA
Fixed SGA
6
NOI Under Variable Costing Structure
Sales
(Less) Variable Expenses (COGS and SGA)
Contribution Margin
(Less) Fixed Expenses (MOH and SGA)
NOI
(Less) Variable Expenses (COGS and SGA)
Contribution Margin
(Less) Fixed Expenses (MOH and SGA)
NOI
7
NOI Under Absorption Costing Structure
Sales
(Less) COGS
Gross Margin
(Less) SGA (Variable and Fixed)
NOI
(Less) COGS
Gross Margin
(Less) SGA (Variable and Fixed)
NOI
8
Decrease in Ending Inventory = Release, Increase in Ending Inventory = Defer
Number of Units in Ending Inventory x Fixed MOH/Unit
9
Reconciliation
Variable Costing NOI
(Less) Units Released
(Add) Units Deferred
Absorption Costing NOI
(Less) Units Released
(Add) Units Deferred
Absorption Costing NOI
10
Units Produced = Units Sold
1) No change in inventory
2) Absorption = Variable
2) Absorption = Variable
11
Units Produced > Units Sold
1) Inventory increases (deferred)
2) Absorption > Variable
2) Absorption > Variable
12
Units Produced < Units Sold
1) Inventory decreases (released)
2) Absorption < Variable
2) Absorption < Variable
13
Additional Unit CM Method
P = selling price/ unit
V = variable expenses/ unit
Unit CM = P - V
V = variable expenses/ unit
Unit CM = P - V
14
Additional CM Ratio Method
(P - V)/P
15
Profit Formula
CM - Fixed Expenses
16
Number of Dollar Sales to Achive Target Profit
(Target Profit + Fixed Expenses)/CM Ratio
17
Units in Ending Inventory Formula
Units in Beg Inv + Units Produced - Units Sold
18
Value of Ending Inventory Under Variable Costing
Units in Ending Inventory x Variable Production Cost
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