Muscle Physiology and Anatomy
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1
what is the region of the sarcomere that contains actin and myosin filaments?
A band
2
what is a sustained contraction with no relaxation called?
complete tetanus
3
what causes depolarization, influx of what?
sodium (Na+)
4
what is it called when a bodybuilder/athlete warms up?
Treppe
5
what property of muscle cells allows a response?
excitability
6
what helps with invagination of the SARCOLEMMA?
T-Tubules
7
what is the result of a LACK of AcH in the synaptic cleft?
continuous contraction
8
what do the synaptic vesicles contain?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
9
what is the thick myofilament? Thin?
thick-myosin
thin- actin
thin- actin
10
when the stomach is pulled in, what muscle works together?
synergist
11
what is the name of oxygen debt after exercise?
EPOC or O2 deficit
12
what is the constant tension of muscle for long periods of time?
muscle tone
13
when can a tissue not respond to a stimulus?
Refractory period
14
If a drug didn't let Calcium back into the SR, what would be the result?
Constant contraction
15
what would happen if sodium (Na+) couldn't get into the muscle fiber in response to a stimulus?
no contraction
16
what happens when AcH binds to the membrane and the ligand channels open?
depolarization
17
what is the name of the sites where chemical substance pre-synaptic and post-synaptic where the nerve connect with the muscle?
Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
18
what ion is abundant in the cell during resting membrane potential?
Potassium (K)
19
what is the name of the tissue that surrounds a muscle?
epimyseum (fascia)
20
what is the name of the tissue that surrounds a muscle fiber?
endomysium
21
what is the name of the tissue that surrounds a fascicle?
perimysium
22
what is the most superficial oblique abdominal muscle?
external oblique
23
what condition would result from someone having a cast on for a long time?
muscle atrophy
24
what do the rotator cuff muscles do?
rotate the arm and stabilize glenoid cavity
25
what happens if cross bridges form but cannot be released?
rigor mortis
26
what is the name for the combination of myosin heads and actin active sites?
crossbridges
27
what happens to the H zone during contraction?
narrows
28
if a tennis player complains of pain when serving, whats the most likely damaged muscle?
supraspinatus
29
what is the model that describes the contraction of muscle?
sliding filament model
30
what is treppe? (4)
- contribues to improved muscle efficiency
- may be due to an increase in the level of calcium ions around the myofibril
- example of a graded response
- achieved during warm up excercises
- may be due to an increase in the level of calcium ions around the myofibril
- example of a graded response
- achieved during warm up excercises
31
I band contains?
actin (thin myofilaments)
32
what is the M line?
middle of the H zone
33
what is the structure between adjacent sarcomeres?
Z disk
34
what is the A band?
region of the sarcomere that contains both actin and myosin myofilaments
35
where are calcium ions stored?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
36
lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in:
continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane
37
T-tubules are invaginations of the:
sarcolemma
38
what is it called when the amount of tension increases during contraction without changing muscle length?
isometric contraction
39
what are the characteristics of slow-twitch oxidative fibers?
- many mitochondria
- good blood supply
- slow contraction
- good blood supply
- slow contraction
40
the muscle cell membrane is called the:
sarcolemma
41
the functional connection between a nerve and a muscle fiber is called a:
synapse
42
during muscle contraction, ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi at the:
head of myosin molecule
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