Muscle Contraction
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1
What type of muscle moves the body?
Skeletal muscle
2
What is another name for skeletal muscle?
Striated, striped, or voluntary muscle
3
What connects skeletal muscles to bones?
Tendons
4
What connects bones to other bones?
Ligaments
5
What do ligaments do?
Hold bones together
6
How do skeletal muscles move joints?
By contracting and relaxing
7
What role does the skeleton play in muscle movement?
It acts as levers
8
Why is the skeleton incompressible?
To provide a surface for muscle pull
9
What are muscles working together to move a bone called?
Antagonistic pairs
10
What is the contracting muscle in a pair called?
Agonist
11
What is the relaxing muscle in a pair called?
Antagonist
12
Which muscles move the lower arm?
Biceps and triceps
13
What happens when the biceps contract?
The arm bends at the elbow
14
What happens when the triceps contract?
The arm straightens at the elbow
15
What role does the biceps play when it contracts?
Agonist
16
What role does the triceps play when it relaxes?
Antagonist
17
What role does the triceps play when it contracts?
Agonist
18
What role does the biceps play when it relaxes?
Antagonist
19
What stimulates muscles to contract?
Neurones
20
What is skeletal muscle made of?
Large bundles of long cells
21
What are skeletal muscle cells called?
Muscle fibres
22
What is the cell membrane of muscle fibres called?
Sarcolemma
23
What does the sarcolemma do?
Folds inward into sarcoplasm
24
What is the sarcoplasm?
Muscle cell’s cytoplasm
25
What do T tubules help spread?
Electrical impulses
26
Why are electrical impulses spread?
To reach all muscle fibre parts
27
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
A network of internal membranes
28
What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store?
Calcium ions
29
Why are calcium ions needed?
For muscle contraction
30
What do muscle fibres have many of?
Mitochondria
31
Why do muscle fibres need mitochondria?
To provide ATP for contraction
32
What is the nucleus characteristic of muscle fibres?
Multinucleate
33
What organelles do muscle fibres have?
Myofibrils
34
What are myofibrils made of?
Proteins
35
What are myofibrils specialized for?
Contraction
36
What do myofibrils contain?
Thick myosin and thin actin filaments
37
What are thick filaments made of?
Myosin protein
38
What are thin filaments made of?
Actin protein
39
What does myosin have for movement?
Heads that move back and forth
40
How do actin filaments appear under a microscope?
Dark bands where myosin overlaps actin
41
What are dark bands called?
A-bands
42
What forms the light bands in myofibrils?
Actin filaments only
43
What are light bands called?
I-bands
44
What marks the ends of sarcomeres?
Z-line
45
What is the center of the sarcomere called?
M-line
46
What is around the M-line?
H-zone
47
What is the sliding filament theory?
Filaments sliding over each other
48
What does the sliding filament theory explain?
How sarcomeres shorten during contraction
49
What happens to A-bands during contraction?
They stay the same length
50
What happens to I-bands during contraction?
They get shorter
51
What happens to the H-zone during contraction?
It gets shorter
52
What happens to the sarcomere during contraction?
It gets shorter
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