Cell membrane structure
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1
What is the main function of cell membranes?
To control what passes through them.
2
What are eukaryotic cell organelles surrounded by?
Membranes.
3
What is the role of cell-surface membranes?
They act as a barrier between the cell and its environment, controlling the movement of substances.
4
What are membranes within cells important for?
Dividing the cell into different compartments for specific functions.
5
What does "partially permeable" mean?
It means the membrane allows some substances to pass through but not others.
6
What does the 'fluid mosaic' structure describe?
It describes the arrangement of molecules in the membrane.
7
Why is the membrane described as "fluid"?
Because the phospholipids can move sideways.
8
What makes the membrane "mosaic"?
Proteins scattered through the phospholipid bilayer.
9
What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane?
It provides stability by fitting between phospholipids and making the membrane less fluid and more rigid.
10
What do phospholipids form?
A barrier to dissolved substances.
11
What are the two parts of a phospholipid molecule?
A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
12
What does hydrophilic mean?
Water-attracting.
13
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water-repelling.
14
How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the membrane?
They form a bilayer with heads facing water and tails facing inward.
15
What type of substances cannot pass through the bilayer easily?
Water-soluble substances like ions.
16
What are glycolipids?
Lipids with a polysaccharide chain attached.
17
What affects the permeability of cell membranes?
Temperature, solvent concentration, and solvent type.
18
What happens to membrane permeability as temperature increases?
It increases because the phospholipids move more and the structure breaks down.
19
What happens to the membrane below 0°C?
Phospholipids don't move much, making the membrane more rigid but possibly leaky.
20
What happens between 0°C and 45°C?
The phospholipids move more, increasing permeability slightly.
21
What happens above 45°C?
The bilayer breaks down, proteins denature, and the membrane becomes highly permeable.
22
What is the role of proteins in the membrane?
They control what enters and leaves the cell.
23
What are receptor proteins?
Proteins that detect chemicals like hormones and signal the cell to respond.
24
What is the main role of cholesterol in animal cells?
To provide stability and prevent the membrane from being too fluid.
25
What is the 'fluid mosaic model'?
It is the model used to describe the dynamic and varied structure of cell membranes.
26
What type of molecule is cholesterol?
A lipid.
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