Week 5 - CPU, GPU and Registers
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1
What is a Processor (CPU) and what is its primary role?
A Processor, or CPU, is a chip that manages instructions like arithmetic, logic, I/O, and others, performing trillions of calculations per second.
2
What three factors determine the performance of a CPU?
Clock speed, cache size, and number of cores.
3
Define CPU "clock speed" and explain its significance.
Clock speed is the number of pulses per second generated by the CPU's clock, determining how many instructions it can perform in a given time.
4
What is "cache" in a CPU and why is it important?
Cache is high-speed RAM built into the CPU that temporarily stores frequently used data and instructions to speed up processing.
5
How do "cores" impact CPU performance?
Each core in a CPU can process instructions independently, so more cores allow more simultaneous processing, increasing performance.
6
List the main components of a CPU.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit, Registers and Buses, System Clock.
7
What is the function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
The ALU performs arithmetic (e.g., addition) and logic (e.g., AND, OR) operations during program execution.
8
What is the role of the Control Unit in a CPU?
The Control Unit reads instructions, synchronises data flow, and issues control signals to execute those instructions.
9
Differentiate between the Address Bus, Data Bus, and Control Bus.
Address Bus is unidirectional for addresses; Data Bus is bi-directional for data; Control Bus carries control signals and can be in/out or both.
10
What is a "register" in a CPU, and what are its two main types?
A register is a small high-speed storage in the CPU for temporary data. Types: General-Purpose Registers (GPR) and Special-Purpose Registers (SPR).
11
Explain the function of the Memory Address Register (MAR) and Memory Data Register (MDR) during a READ operation.
MAR holds the address; a read signal is sent; data from that address is placed in MDR.
12
Explain the function of the Memory Address Register (MAR) and Memory Data Register (MDR) during a WRITE operation.
Data is placed in MDR; address in MAR; write signal is sent to store the data.
13
What is a Flag Register and its purpose?
A flag register stores status flags indicating results of operations (e.g., zero, carry), affecting conditional instructions.
14
Name and briefly describe three important Status Flags in a flag register.
Carry Flag: set if carry occurs; Zero Flag: set if result is 0; Sign Flag: set if result is negative.
15
Name and briefly describe three important Control Flags.
Directional Flag: sets memory direction for strings; Interrupt Flag: enables/disables interrupts; Trap Flag: allows single-step execution.
16
Describe the three main stages of the CPU Instruction Processing Cycle.
Fetch: gets instruction from memory; Decode: interprets it; Execute: performs the instruction.
17
What is the Von Neumann Architecture?
A design where data and programs are stored in the same memory, allowing sequential instruction execution.
18
Compare and contrast a CPU and a GPU.
CPU: few powerful cores for general tasks; GPU: many small cores for parallel tasks like graphics and deep learning.
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