OOP

-Name
-Attributes(variables can be passed/set)
-Methods(kinda like subroutines)
Classes are like bp/template to create objects

Instance of a class

Special method within class that runs when object of that class is created
- Takes the values of parameters passed into object and sets its local attributes to their inital values

Inheritance
Overriding
Encapsulation
Polymorphism

When a sub class inherits all the attributes and methods from the super class so we can reuse this
Additional attributes and methods can be added alongside the others.

Occurs when you call a method of a sub class with the same name as a method further up class tree(super class)
- The subclass takes precedence and overrides/ replaces the parent class method

Use "super." prefix in which the override is ignored and orignal superclass method is used

Attributes in a class object cant be accessed/modified directly by users.
Instead they are only accessible/changeable via methods given by the object(like getters/setters)
-Prevents unwanted changes

Objects can behave differently depending on their class.
Can result in same method producing different outputs based on the objects

Overriding is an example

PROS:
-High level of reusability(inheritance/polymorphism)
-Encapsulation making code reliable
-Modular structure
-High level of abstraction
CONS:
-Different style of programming which requires alternative style of thinking
-Not suited to all types of problems/programs
-Can become inefficient and difficult to maintain in very large project.