grammar concepts

à > to, at, in. cities, specific locations
de > from, of, about. origin, posessions, topic
en > in, by. years, months, materials
dans > in, inside. physical spaces or groups like a class
sur > on, upon. surfaces
sous > under
avec / sans > with, without
pour / par > for, by. goals, durations, means > e.g. done by someone

si + imparfait + présent conditional, reversable

subject + futur antérieur + futur simple
I will have…when I will be, e.g. J’aurai fini mes devoirs quand je retournerai.

si + present + futur simple, reversable

Dés que… + present + futur simple

devant, derrière, entre, parmi, en face de

Où > when, where, which, that. for place and time
Que > transition, direct object. that, which, whom
Qui > Subject, someone who or something that does something. who, which, that
Lequel(s / le / les) which, that. preposition object.
Dont > object of relative clause. from or of which / whom, that, whose
Voici la famille dont je parle > here is the family of whom / that / of which I’m talking about.
REPLACES DE AFTER A VERB, moves it in fromt

simple tenses > subject + ne + verb + pas
compound tenses > subject + ne + auxilliary + pas + participle
Command > ne + command + pas
negative infinitive > subject + conjugated verb + ne + infinitive + pas

replaced with de

within ne-pas, before the verb

en > replaces quantities
elle boit du cognac > elle en boit

y > replaces locations, concepts
vas-tu chez Jean? Oi, j’u vas.
Avez-vouz reflechi à la situation? Ou, j’y reflechi.

à > effort, moving towards a goal, future
de > deciding, stopping, trying, forgetting, feeling, past
pour > “in order to”
nothing > liking, wanting, being able to