Biopsychology Depression L11.3-11.4

at least 2 weeks

despair, anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure,) sleep or appetite disturbances, withdrawal from social life and daily activities, suicidal ideation

genetic factors, hormone disruptions, stress and trauma in vulnerable individuals

either

identical 60%, fraternal 15%

low activity in the thyroid gland has been linked to depression

inheritence of 2 short alleles of the SeRT gene may predispose someone to major depression in response to a stressful experience

depression is associated with underactivity at monoamine synapses

enzyme that breaks down monoamines

increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels by blocking reuptake at the synapse by preventing transporter function

there are many side effects, the theraputic dose is close to the toxic dose (note the delayed effect of ~2 weeks makes this more dangerous as it encourages additional dosages)

inability to feel pleasure

serotonin

inhibites mao, preventing the breakdown of monoamines

False, MOAIs are dangerous because of its effects on other systems of the body

blocks the transporters of serotonin to block reuptake

block norepinephrine reuptake

60-70%

~3 weeks usually

those with severe and / or treatment resistant depression

SSRIs, they tend to be effective for many people and have relatively few side effects

implanting of neural stimulators connected to brain implanted electrodes, controlled stimulas

subgenual cingulate gyrus of the cigulate cortex