Evidence-Based Policing and Focused Deterrence
Diese Karteikarten lernenKostenlos · Spaced Repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & Web
Alle Karten
1
What is evidence-based policing?
The use of credible research evidence, professional judgment, and relevant community conditions to inform policing decisions and evaluate results.
2
Who is prominently associated with the modern concept of evidence-based policing?
Lawrence W. Sherman.
3
What is the principal objective of evidence-based policing?
To identify and implement policing practices that produce beneficial outcomes while minimizing harm and inefficient use of resources.
4
What is a systematic review in policing research?
A structured synthesis of studies identified and assessed through explicit methods designed to reduce selection bias.
5
What is a meta-analysis?
A statistical method combining quantitative findings from multiple studies to estimate an overall effect or examine variation among effects.
6
What is the difference between research evidence and professional experience?
Research evidence comes from systematic investigation, while professional experience reflects practical observations and judgment; both require critical assessment.
7
What is focused deterrence?
A strategy concentrating coordinated enforcement, communication, and support services on identifiable groups or individuals associated with serious offending.
8
What is the central message of focused deterrence programs?
Specific harmful behavior will receive predictable enforcement attention, while credible assistance and alternatives to offending are made available.
9
What is the Boston Gun Project's Operation Ceasefire?
A well-known focused deterrence initiative developed to address youth gun violence in Boston through coordinated enforcement and community interventions.
10
What is a group violence intervention strategy?
A focused deterrence approach addressing serious violence associated with identifiable groups through direct communication, enforcement, and community support.
11
What is a call-in meeting in focused deterrence?
A structured meeting in which relevant individuals receive information about violence prevention expectations, enforcement consequences, and available assistance.
12
Why is credibility important in focused deterrence?
Participants must regard communicated consequences and offered support as realistic for the strategy to influence behavior.
13
What is a potential limitation of focused deterrence?
Its effectiveness depends on accurate targeting, sustained coordination, lawful enforcement, community trust, and implementation quality.
14
What is hot spots policing?
The strategic concentration of police attention on small geographic locations where crime is disproportionately concentrated.
15
What is the underlying allocation principle of hot spots policing?
Crime is unevenly distributed across places, so targeted attention to high-risk locations may produce greater preventive benefits.
16
What is the difference between hot spots policing and indiscriminate area-wide enforcement?
Hot spots policing targets specific locations based on analyzed crime patterns rather than applying uniform intensive enforcement across a broad area.
17
What is directed patrol?
The planned deployment of officers to designated locations or times based on operational priorities or identified risks.
18
What is the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment known for examining?
Whether varying levels of routine preventive motorized patrol affected crime, public fear, and related outcomes in the studied setting.
19
What was a major conclusion of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?
Within its studied conditions, varying routine preventive patrol levels produced no clear measurable differences in several major outcomes.
20
Why should the Kansas City experiment not be interpreted as proving that all patrol is ineffective?
Its findings concerned particular forms and levels of routine patrol in a specific setting, not every patrol strategy or deployment model.
21
What is procedural justice in policing?
Fairness in the processes through which authorities make decisions and interact with members of the public.
22
Who is strongly associated with procedural justice and legitimacy research?
Tom R. Tyler.
23
What are four commonly emphasized elements of procedural justice?
Voice, neutrality, respectful treatment, and trustworthy motives.
24
What does voice mean in procedural justice?
Providing people a meaningful opportunity to explain their perspectives before relevant decisions are made.
25
What does neutrality mean in procedural justice?
Making decisions through consistent, transparent, and unbiased application of relevant rules and evidence.
26
What does respectful treatment mean in procedural justice?
Interacting with people politely and with recognition of their dignity and rights.
27
What are trustworthy motives in procedural justice?
Conduct demonstrating that authorities seek fair, lawful outcomes rather than arbitrary or self-serving advantages.
28
What is police legitimacy?
The public perception that police authority is rightful and should be exercised and obeyed within lawful limits.
29
How can procedural justice influence police legitimacy?
Fair treatment and decision-making can strengthen perceptions that police authority is trustworthy and appropriately exercised.
30
What is voluntary compliance with the law?
Following legal requirements without immediate coercion, often influenced by personal norms, legitimacy, and perceived fairness.
31
Why is police legitimacy relevant to crime prevention?
It can influence cooperation, reporting, witness participation, and willingness to comply with lawful authority.
32
What is community-oriented policing?
A policing philosophy emphasizing partnerships, organizational adaptation, and collaborative problem solving to address community safety concerns.
33
What is a police-community partnership?
A cooperative relationship between law enforcement and community stakeholders to identify problems, share information, and develop lawful safety responses.
34
What is co-production of public safety?
The contribution of residents, institutions, businesses, and authorities to achieving community safety through coordinated action.
35
What is community trust in policing?
Public confidence that police will act competently, fairly, lawfully, and with appropriate concern for community welfare.
36
What is police accountability in crime prevention policy?
The obligation of police institutions and personnel to explain and justify actions and face appropriate review or consequences for misconduct.
37
What is an unintended consequence of a crime prevention intervention?
An effect not originally intended by the program, which may be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
38
What is net-widening in criminal justice policy?
The expansion of formal supervision or control to people who otherwise might not have entered or remained within the justice system.
39
How can net-widening occur in diversion programs?
A program may bring low-risk individuals under formal monitoring who otherwise would have received no formal intervention.
40
What is over-policing in criminological policy analysis?
Disproportionately intensive police intervention in a population or area, potentially generating unnecessary enforcement burdens or harms.
41
What is under-policing?
Inadequate protection, investigation, or response to victimization and serious crime affecting a population or area.
42
What is an equity assessment of a policing program?
An examination of whether its benefits, burdens, access, and outcomes are distributed fairly across affected populations.
43
What is a spillover effect in crime prevention evaluation?
An intervention's effect on people or locations beyond those directly targeted.
44
What is a contamination effect in program evaluation?
A situation in which comparison units are exposed to intervention elements, potentially obscuring the estimated treatment effect.
45
What is a stepped-wedge evaluation design?
A design in which groups begin an intervention at different scheduled times, allowing comparisons before and after implementation across groups.
46
Scenario: Police concentrate patrols at ten street corners responsible for a large share of robberies. Which policing strategy is illustrated?
Hot spots policing.
47
Scenario: Police and community leaders inform a violent group about coordinated enforcement while offering employment and support services. Which strategy is illustrated?
Focused deterrence or group violence intervention.
48
Scenario: An officer explains the legal reason for a stop, listens to the person's explanation, and treats the person respectfully. Which principle is demonstrated?
Procedural justice.
49
Scenario: A policing program reduces crime in targeted streets but increases unnecessary stops of uninvolved residents. What should evaluators examine?
Both crime prevention effectiveness and unintended consequences, including fairness, proportionality, and community trust.
50
Scenario: A new police initiative produces lower crime counts, but neighboring untreated districts also show similar declines. What evaluation issue arises?
The observed reduction may reflect broader trends rather than a causal effect of the initiative, requiring a credible comparison.
51
What is the central principle of responsible evidence-based crime prevention policy?
Choose lawful, proportionate interventions supported by credible evidence, monitor implementation, and evaluate both effectiveness and potential harms.
Mehr Karteikarten: Recht und Politik
White-Collar and Corporate CrimeRecht und Politik · EnglischSANGALLAExecutive Clemency in Philippine LawRecht und Politik · EnglischSANGALLAhuman rightsRecht und Politik · EnglischbwDroit des biens et des contratsRecht und Politik · FranzösischAlixSubject Matter JurisdictionRecht und Politik · EnglischSamPolitical partiesRecht und Politik · EnglischchloeHistory 1Recht und Politik · EnglischWinstonProperty IIRecht und Politik · EnglischHannahUS Constitutional Law: Landmark CasesRecht und Politik · EnglischersFederal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP)Recht und Politik · EnglischSamUS GovernmentRecht und Politik · EnglischThinkConflicts of LawRecht und Politik · EnglischHannah
Lerne diese Decks in der App
Kostenlos auf iPhone, Android, Mac und im Web. Füge jedes Deck mit einem Tipp zu deinem Konto hinzu.
