Anatomy of the Arm: Nerves and Muscles
Diese Karteikarten lernenKostenlos · Spaced Repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & Web
Alle Karten
1
Which nerve supplies the upper medial part of the arm?
Intercostobrachial nerve (T2), derived from the 2nd intercostal nerve.
2
Which nerve supplies the lower medial part of the arm?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (T1, T2), from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
3
Which nerve supplies the upper lateral half of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, from the axillary nerve.
4
Which nerve supplies the lower lateral half of the arm?
Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5, C6), from the radial nerve.
5
Which nerve supplies the posterior aspect of the arm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5), from the radial nerve.
6
Differentiate the cutaneous nerve supply of the medial and lateral aspects of the arm.
Medial: Intercostobrachial nerve (upper part) and medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (lower part). Lateral: Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (upper part) and lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (lower part).
7
Which nerve supplies the coracobrachialis muscle?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7).
8
State the actions of coracobrachialis.
Weak flexor and adductor of the arm.
9
Describe the origin of coracobrachialis.
Tip of coracoid process, in common with the short head of biceps brachii.
10
Describe the insertion of coracobrachialis.
Middle 5 cm of the medial border of humerus.
11
What is the nerve supply of biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7).
12
Describe the origin of the short head of biceps brachii.
Tip of coracoid process.
13
Describe the origin of the long head of biceps brachii.
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
14
Describe the insertion of biceps brachii.
Posterior part of radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis.
15
What is the main supination action of biceps brachii?
It is a strong supinator of the forearm when the elbow is flexed.
16
Give an example of an activity involving the supination action of biceps brachii.
Screwing movements, such as tightening a screw with a screwdriver.
17
What is the action of biceps brachii when the elbow is extended?
It is a powerful flexor of the forearm.
18
What is the action of biceps brachii at the shoulder joint?
Weak flexor of the shoulder joint.
19
How is biceps brachii clinically tested?
Ask the patient to flex the elbow against resistance with the forearm supinated.
20
What happens to biceps brachii during clinical testing?
It forms a prominent bulge on the front of the arm.
21
How is the biceps reflex tested?
Tap the tendon of biceps brachii with a reflex hammer while the forearm is pronated and partially extended at the elbow.
22
What is the normal response of the biceps reflex?
Brief jerk-like flexion of the elbow.
23
What does a normal biceps reflex confirm?
Integrity of the musculocutaneous nerve and C5 and C6 spinal segments.
24
Which nerve provides motor innervation to brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7).
25
Which nerve provides proprioceptive supply to brachialis?
Radial nerve.
26
Describe the origin of brachialis.
Lower half of the anterior surface of humerus.
27
Describe the insertion of brachialis.
Anterior surface of the coronoid process of ulna.
28
What is the action of brachialis?
Flexes the forearm at the elbow joint.
29
Which nerve supplies each head of triceps brachii?
A separate branch from the radial nerve (C7, C8).
30
Where do the branches supplying triceps brachii arise?
In the axilla and in the radial groove.
31
Describe the origin of the long head of triceps brachii.
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
32
Describe the origin of the lateral head of triceps brachii.
Oblique ridge on the posterior aspect of humerus.
33
Describe the origin of the medial head of triceps brachii.
Posterior surface of humerus below the radial groove.
34
Describe the insertion of triceps brachii.
Posterior part of the superior surface of olecranon process.
35
What is the main action of triceps brachii?
Powerful extensor of the elbow joint.
36
What is the function of the long head of triceps brachii during hyperabduction of the arm?
It supports the head of humerus.
37
What happens to elbow extension and the triceps reflex following radial nerve damage in the radial groove?
They are not lost because the nerve to the long head of triceps arises from the radial nerve in the axilla.
38
Why is elbow extension not lost following radial nerve injury in the radial groove?
The nerve to the long head of triceps brachii arises from the radial nerve in the axilla.
39
Which muscle’s long head supports the head of humerus during hyperabduction?
Triceps brachii.
40
State the nerve supply and actions of coracobrachialis.
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7). Actions: Weak flexion and adduction of the arm.
41
State the nerve supply and actions of biceps brachii.
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7). Actions: Strong supination of forearm when elbow is flexed; powerful flexion of forearm when elbow is extended; weak flexion of shoulder joint.
42
State the nerve supply and actions of brachialis.
Motor supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7). Proprioceptive supply: Radial nerve. Action: Flexion of forearm at elbow joint.
43
State the nerve supply and actions of triceps brachii.
Nerve supply: Separate branches from radial nerve (C7, C8). Actions: Powerful extension of elbow joint; long head supports head of humerus during hyperabduction.
44
What is the brachial artery?
The main artery of the arm.
45
Where does the brachial artery begin?
At the lower border of teres major muscle, as a continuation of the axillary artery.
46
Where does the brachial artery terminate?
In front of the elbow at the level of the neck of radius.
47
Into which terminal branches does the brachial artery divide?
Radial and ulnar arteries.
48
What are the common variations of the brachial artery?
High division into two or three branches, or absence of the brachial artery when the axillary artery itself divides into radial and ulnar arteries.
49
What is the anterior relation of the brachial artery in its upper part?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which lies in front of it.
50
What crosses the brachial artery in its middle part?
Median nerve, crossing from lateral to medial side.
51
What crosses the brachial artery in its lower part in the cubital fossa?
Bicipital aponeurosis.
52
List the posterior relations of the brachial artery from above downwards.
Long head of triceps → Medial head of triceps → Coracobrachialis → Brachialis.
53
What are the medial relations of the brachial artery in the upper part of the arm?
Ulnar nerve and basilic vein.
54
What is the medial relation of the brachial artery in the lower part of the arm?
Median nerve.
55
What are the lateral relations of the brachial artery in the upper part of the arm?
Median nerve, coracobrachialis and biceps.
56
What is the lateral relation of the brachial artery in the lower part of the arm?
Tendon of biceps.
57
List the branches of the brachial artery.
Muscular branches; profunda brachii artery; nutrient artery to humerus; superior ulnar collateral artery; inferior ulnar collateral (supratrochlear) artery; radial artery; ulnar artery.
58
What are the terminal branches of the brachial artery?
Radial and ulnar arteries.
59
What is the profunda brachii artery?
A branch of the brachial artery.
60
What is the clinical significance of the brachial pulse?
It is commonly felt in the cubital fossa medial to the tendon of biceps and its pulsations are auscultated for recording blood pressure.
61
How can the biceps tendon be easily palpated?
By flexing the elbow.
62
Where is the brachial pulse palpated in the cubital fossa?
Medial to the tendon of biceps.
63
What is brachial artery aneurysm?
A rare condition involving the brachial artery.
64
What symptoms may occur in brachial artery aneurysm?
Symptoms of vascular insufficiency in the forearm and hand.
65
What causes Volkmann’s ischemic contracture?
Lack of blood supply to the flexor muscles of the forearm due to compression or spasm of the brachial artery, leading to muscle necrosis and contracture.
66
How can a supracondylar fracture of the humerus cause Volkmann’s ischemic contracture?
The anteriorly displaced upper bony fragment compresses the brachial artery → Inadequate blood supply to forearm flexor muscles → Muscle necrosis and fibrosis → Volkmann’s ischemic contracture.
67
What are the initial clinical features of inadequate blood supply to the forearm flexor muscles in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture?
Pallor, pain, puffiness, pulselessness and paralysis.
68
What happens when blood supply to the forearm flexor muscles is further reduced?
Muscle necrosis and fibrosis occur, leading to Volkmann’s ischemic contracture.
69
What is the deformity in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture?
Flexion contracture of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
70
What is the sequence of events in Volkmann’s ischemic contracture?
Brachial artery compression or spasm → Inadequate blood supply → Pallor, pain, puffiness, pulselessness and paralysis → Muscle necrosis and fibrosis → Flexion contracture of metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
71
What is the cubital fossa?
A triangular hollow in front of the elbow.
72
Which structure in the lower limb is homologous to the cubital fossa?
Popliteal fossa.
73
What forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?
Medial border of brachioradialis muscle.
74
What forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
Lateral border of pronator teres muscle.
75
What forms the base of the cubital fossa?
An imaginary horizontal line joining the front of the two epicondyles of humerus.
76
What forms the apex of the cubital fossa?
Meeting point of the lateral and medial boundaries, where brachioradialis overlaps pronator teres.
77
Which muscles form the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis in the upper part and supinator in the lower part.
78
What are the components of the roof of the cubital fossa?
Skin; superficial fascia; deep fascia; bicipital aponeurosis.
79
Which vein is found in the superficial fascia of the cubital fossa?
Median cubital vein.
80
Which veins are connected by the median cubital vein?
Cephalic and basilic veins.
81
Which cutaneous nerve lies along with the cephalic vein?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
82
Which cutaneous nerve lies along with the basilic vein?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
83
What are the four key contents of the cubital fossa remembered by MBB S?
Median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon and superficial branch of radial nerve.
84
What does M represent in the MBB S mnemonic for cubital fossa contents?
Median nerve.
85
What does the first B represent in the MBB S mnemonic?
Brachial artery.
86
What does the second B represent in the MBB S mnemonic?
Biceps tendon.
87
What does S represent in the MBB S mnemonic?
Superficial branch of radial nerve.
88
Which artery divides into radial and ulnar arteries near the elbow?
Brachial artery.
89
Which nerves and vessels are labelled around the cubital fossa in the lecture diagram?
Radial nerve, superficial branch of radial nerve, median nerve, brachial artery, radial artery and ulnar artery.
90
What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein?
It is often the vein of choice for intravenous injections.
91
Why is the median cubital vein used for introducing cardiac catheters?
It is used to obtain blood samples from various chambers of the heart.
92
How is blood pressure recorded in the cubital region?
By auscultating the brachial artery in front of the elbow.
93
Why is knowledge of cubital fossa anatomy important in supracondylar fracture of humerus?
It is useful when dealing with fractures around the elbow.
94
Which vein is commonly used for intravenous injections in the cubital region?
Median cubital vein.
95
Which superficial veins are shown in the dorsal venous arch diagram?
Basilic vein and cephalic vein.
96
Which veins are shown as tributaries or connections in the superficial veins diagram of the forearm and arm?
Median vein of forearm, median cubital vein, basilic vein and cephalic vein.
97
Which superficial vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital region?
Median cubital vein.
98
Which vein is labelled as terminating in the axillary vein in the superficial veins diagram?
Cephalic vein.
99
Which superficial vein lies on the medial side of the forearm and arm in the diagram?
Basilic vein.
100
Which superficial vein lies on the lateral side of the forearm and arm in the diagram?
Cephalic vein.
101
Which nerve accompanies the cephalic vein in the cubital fossa roof?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
102
Which nerve accompanies the basilic vein in the cubital fossa roof?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
103
What anatomical events occur at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
The circular shaft of humerus becomes triangular; brachial artery passes from medial to anterior aspect; basilic vein pierces deep fascia; median nerve crosses in front of brachial artery from lateral to medial; radial nerve pierces lateral intermuscular septum; ulnar nerve pierces medial intermuscular septum; medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm pierce deep fascia; nutrient artery pierces humerus.
104
What happens to the shape of the humeral shaft below the insertion of coracobrachialis?
The circular shaft of humerus becomes triangular.
105
What happens to the brachial artery at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
It passes from the medial side of the arm to its anterior aspect.
106
What happens to the basilic vein at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
It pierces the deep fascia.
107
How does the median nerve cross the brachial artery at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
It crosses in front of the brachial artery from lateral to medial side.
108
Which nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
Radial nerve, passing from the posterior compartment to the anterior compartment.
109
Which nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
Ulnar nerve, passing into the posterior compartment.
110
Which nerves pierce the deep fascia at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
Mehr Karteikarten: Medizin und Gesundheit
Top 250 Drugs (#58-150)Medizin und Gesundheitplane23TD Dégénératifs GLMedizin und Gesundheit · FranzösischGregoryCardiovascular Pharmacology IIMedizin und Gesundheit · EnglischJakePharmacodynamicsMedizin und Gesundheit · EnglischRyanBiochem Lecture 7Medizin und Gesundheit · EnglischKrisMedCardsDodge FlashcardsMedizin und GesundheitNaomiExámenMedizin und Gesundheit · SpanischeveDevPs| Prenatal DevelopmentMedizin und Gesundheit · EnglischAdUvert(5) Medulla spinalisMedizin und Gesundheit · ItalienischTobiasmaladies thromboemboliques veineuses (MTEV)Medizin und Gesundheit · FranzösischClaraEKG WorkshopsMedizin und Gesundheit · EnglischSaraHuman Body Systems VocabularyMedizin und Gesundheit · EnglischEthan
Alle Decks: Medizin und Gesundheit
Lerne diese Decks in der App
Kostenlos auf iPhone, Android, Mac und im Web. Füge jedes Deck mit einem Tipp zu deinem Konto hinzu.
